Developing Kano’s model of customer satisfaction-driven intensive care unit end-of-life care strategies for gastrointestinal cancer patients

Table 1 Baseline data of participants, n (%)

Indicators	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 50)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years) (mean ± SD)	56.06 ± 11.26	59.92 ± 10.79	1.856	0.066
Sex			0.070	0.791
Male	38 (58.46)	28 (56.00)
Female	27 (41.54)	22 (44.00)
Tumor classification			0.606	0.895
Gastric cancer	18 (27.69)	15 (30.00)
Rectal cancer	16 (24.62)	13 (26.00)
Colon cancer	14 (21.54)	12 (24.00)
Pancreatic cancer	17 (26.15)	10 (20.00)
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (points) (mean ± SD)	27.18 ± 6.34	28.18 ± 6.46	0.832	0.407
Karnofsky Performance Status functional status score (points) (mean ± SD)	39.58 ± 11.32	40.40 ± 14.04	0.347	0.729
Previous chemotherapy treatments			0.645	0.422
No	20 (30.77)	12 (24.00)
Yes	45 (69.23)	38 (76.00)

Table 2 Quality of life of patients in two groups, mean ± SD

Indicators	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 50)	t value	P value
Physical function
Before nursing	36.11 ± 10.14	38.52 ± 12.01	1.166	0.246
After nursing	56.89 ± 14.80b	46.26 ± 14.13a	3.894	< 0.001
Symptom scores
Pain
Before nursing	61.31 ± 15.98	65.40 ± 13.71	1.446	0.151
After nursing	37.48 ± 11.42b	48.68 ± 16.97a	4.223	< 0.001
Fatigue
Before nursing	66.43 ± 15.17	66.80 ± 14.45	0.132	0.895
After nursing	51.45 ± 13.12b	59.26 ± 12.92a	3.186	0.002
Nausea/vomiting
Before nursing	51.29 ± 14.21	49.18 ± 16.75	0.730	0.467
After nursing	18.82 ± 9.28b	37.78 ± 14.64a	8.467	< 0.001
Overall quality of life
Before nursing	33.65 ± 11.41	34.68 ± 10.74	0.492	0.624
After nursing	54.49 ± 13.63b	40.62 ± 11.42a	5.797	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, within the same group compared with before nursing care.

^bP < 0.01, within the same group compared with before nursing care.

Table 3 Quality of death comparison, mean ± SD

Score (points)	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 50)	t value	P value
Personal autonomy	7.45 ± 1.71	5.86 ± 1.75	4.893	< 0.001
Treatment preferences	7.48 ± 1.82	5.84 ± 2.20	4.373	< 0.001
Social connections	6.89 ± 1.73	6.18 ± 1.79	2.149	0.034
Perceptions of death and dignity	7.72 ± 1.71	6.76 ± 1.81	2.910	0.004
Spiritual needs	6.88 ± 1.75	5.96 ± 2.17	2.517	0.013
Use of life-prolonging interventions	7.08 ± 1.80	4.74 ± 1.58	7.283	< 0.001
Overall dying quality	7.65 ± 1.65	6.30 ± 1.71	4.281	< 0.001
Quality of care provided by healthcare professionals	8.09 ± 1.45	7.16 ± 1.83	3.041	0.003
Support from involved caregivers	7.82 ± 1.50	6.54 ± 1.66	4.330	< 0.001

Table 4 Nursing satisfaction comparison, n (%)

Indicators	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 50)	χ2	P value
Very satisfied	42 (64.62)	20 (40.00)
Satisfied	18 (27.69)	12 (24.00)
Fair	5 (7.69)	10 (20.00)
Dissatisfied	0 (0.00)	6 (12.00)
Very dissatisfied	0 (0.00)	2 (4.00)
Overall satisfaction	60 (92.31)	32 (64.00)	14.154	< 0.001