Effect of exercise, nutritional, and psychological interventions on postoperative nutritional and mental status of patients with esophageal cancer

Table 1 General information of the patient

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 51)	Control group (n = 53)	t/χ2	P value
Sex
Male (%)	55 (28/51)	58 (31/53)	0.1362	0.712
Female (%)	45 (23/51)	42 (22/53)	-	-
Age (year), mean ± SD	53.69 ± 8.13	54.16 ± 7.97	0.2651	0.792
Pathological type
Squamous cell carcinoma (%)	39 (20/51)	40 (21/53)	0.0022	0.966
Adenocarcinoma (%)	31 (16/51)	34 (18/53)
Adenosquamous carcinoma (%)	30 (15/51)	26 (12/53)
TNM staging
I (%)	47 (24/51)	43 (22/51)	0.3252	0.569
II (%)	53 (27/51)	57 (31/51)	-	-
BMI (kg /m2), mean ± SD	21.33 ± 2.16	21.36 ± 2.18	0.0691	0.945

¹Unpaired Student’s t test.

²χ² test.

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of nutritional status between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	ALB (g /L))		PA (mg /L)		Hb (g /L)		TRF (g /L)
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Observation group (n = 51)	32.67 ± 2.41	41.26 ± 1.54a	182.23 ± 3.24	242.15 ± 3.04a	120.26 ± 3.48	172.65 ± 4.13a	1.60 ± 0.16	2.74 ± 0.45a
Control group (n = 53)	32.16 ± 2.52	38.14 ± 1.67a	183.31 ± 3.17	203.63 ± 3.98a	120.17 ± 3.75	142.25 ± 4.66a	1.59 ± 0.22	2.02 ± 0.37a
t	1.065	10.00	1.734	56.00	0.128	35.54	0.248	8.991
P value	0.289	< 0.0001	0.086	< 0.0001	0.899	< 0.0001	0.805	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.01 vs before treatment in this group.

ALB: Serum albumin; PA: Prealbumin; Hb: Hemoglobin; TRF: Transferrin.

Table 3 Comparison of Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores between the two groups

Group	SAS scores		SDS scores
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Observation group (n = 51)	65.38 ± 5.45	46.12 ± 4.98a	68.79 ± 6.34	51.34 ± 5.42a
Control group (n = 53)	65.13 ± 5.68	58.32 ± 5.11a	68.15 ± 6.69	61.27 ± 5.93a
t	0.231	12.82	0.538	9.574
P value	0.818	< 0.0001	0.592	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.01 vs before treatment in this group.

SAS: Self-rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale.

Table 4 Comparison of Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale scores between the two groups

Group	MAMA scores		HAMD scores
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Observation group (n = 51)	18.88 ± 4.10	11.41 ± 3.86a	22.11 ± 4.22	14.15 ± 4.22a
Control group (n = 53)	19.26 ± 4.01	14.84 ± 3.45a	22.63 ± 4.19	18.13 ± 3.39a
t	0.551	5.424	0.724	6.028
P value	0.582	< 0.0001	0.470	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.01 vs before treatment in this group.

HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale.

Table 5 Comparison of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Short Form scores between the two groups

Group	Physiological function		Psychological function		Social relationships
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Observation group (n = 51)	7.45 ± 2.34	16.25 ± 2.69a	8.15 ± 2.14	18.63 ± 2.69a	9.93 ± 3.61	17.29 ± 2.96a
Control group (n = 53)	7.41 ± 2.47	11.23 ± 2.37a	8.18 ± 2.03	12.15 ± 2.38a	9.95 ± 3.75	13.85 ± 3.05a
t	0.086	10.20	0.074	13.13	0.029	5.893
P value	0.931	< 0.0001	0.941	< 0.0001	0.977	< 0.0001
Group	Environment		Independent		Spiritual world
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Observation group (n = 51)	8.40 ± 2.34	16.73 ± 2.78a	9.15 ± 2.45	19.45 ± 2.36a	10.25 ± 3.64	16.67 ± 2.84a
Control group (n = 53)	8.39 ± 2.40	13.03 ± 2.96a	9.20 ± 2.33	14.16 ± 2.74a	10.26 ± 3.15	12.85 ± 2.27a
t	0.022	6.633	0.108	10.65	0.015	7.648
P value	0.983	< 0.0001	0.915	< 0.0001	0.988	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.01 vs before treatment in this group.

Table 6 Comparison of complications in between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Case	Number of vomiting (%)	Number of diarrhea (%)	Number of allergies (%)	Number of bone marrow suppression (%)
Observation group	51	6 (11.76)	1 (1.96)	10 (19.61)	11 (21.57)
Control group	53	8 (15.09)	2 (3.77)	12 (22.64)	13 (24.53)
χ2	-	-	-	-	1.350
P value	-	-	-	-	0.245

Table 7 Comparison of treatment compliance in between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Case	Fully compliance (%)	Partial compliance (%)	Non-compliance (%)	Total compliance rate (%)
Observation group	51	35 (68.63)	12 (23.53)	4 (7.84)	47 (92.16)
Control group	53	24 (45.28)	14 (26.42)	15 (28.30)	38 (71.70)
χ2	-	-	-	-	7.286
P value	-	-	-	-	0.007

Table 8 Comparison of nursing satisfaction between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Case	Very satisfied (%)	Basically satisfied (%)	Unsatisfied (%)
Observation group	51	30 (58.82)	18 (35.29)	3 (5.88)
Control group	53	26 (49.06)	14 (26.42)	13 (24.53)
χ2	-	-	-	6.941
P value	-	-	-	0.008