Optimizing nutritional support in upper gastrointestinal surgery: A comprehensive review of feeding jejunostomy techniques and outcomes

Table 1 Frequency of complications in the included studies (%)

Ref.	Tube specific complications	Early complications	Late complications	More than 1 complications	Severe complications	Complications requiring re-operation	Tube mortality
Al-Taan et al[28], 2017
Baker et al[11], 2017							0
Blakely et al[8], 2017	12.8 (6/47 only in TG)					12.8 (6/47)
Brenkman et al[1], 2017	17					3
Choi et al[7], 2017	44.4 (52/117)
Deepjyoti et al[2], 2020
Froghi et al[12], 2017
Okida et al[13], 2021	39.6	19.1 (14)	20.5 (15)	5.5 (4)		4.1	0
Dutta et al[5]	40-50
Wobith et al[6], 2020	44.1				10.8 (11/102)		0

Table 2 Frequency of common complications of feeding jejunostomy tube placement in the included studies

Ref.	Dislocation	Clogging	Gastrointestinal symptoms	Feeding tube leak	Bile leak	Infection	Anchor suture loss	Skin irritation	Torsion	Closed loop obstruction	Small bowel obstruction	Small bowel perforation/necrosis	Hemorrhage	Intraperitoneal displacement	Multi-organ failure after tube feeds	Weight loss
Al-Taan et al[28], 2017												8 (TG); 1.66 (in OE)
Blakely et al[8], 2017				4.25 (2/47)						2/47 (4.25)		2.12 (1/47)			2.12 (1/47)
Baker et al[11], 2017	2	16	9 (in hospital); 35 (out of hospital)	13
Bowrey et al[82], 2015		18	9	23
Brenkman et al[1], 2017	5	3		5	3	1.65			1.54 (1/65)
Choi et al[7], 2017	18.8 (22/117)	11.17 (13/11)		5.12 (6/117)			11.11 (13/117)	11.11 (13/117)			2.56 (3/117)		0.85 (1/117)
Deepjyoti et al[2], 2020	1/42	6/42			3/42	3/42		4/42					1/42			63
Okida et al[13], 2021	12.3	18.8		4		5.4					2.7			1.3
Wobith et al[6], 2020	9.8 (10/102)	3.9 (4/102)		5.9 (6/102)							3.9		1.96 (2/102)		3.9 (4/102)

TG: Total gastrectomy; EO: Esophagectomy.