Positive correlation between latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and severity of illness in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Table 1 Basic information on patients (n = 43)

Variables	Data
Characteristics
Sex (Male/female)	34/9
Age (yr), mean ± SD	43.6 ± 2.7
Smoking (No/Yes)	23/20
Drinking (No/Yes)	26/17
Clinical data
Crohn’s disease/ulcerative colitis	27/16
Location
Crohn disease (L1/L2/L3/L4)	9/0/18/0
Ulcerative colitis (E1/E2/E3)	0/2/14
Severity of illness (Mild/moderate/severe)	10/21/12
Cause of surgery
Patient required	3
Non-response to intern medicine therapy	9
Medical required	31
Intestinal obstruction	18
Fistula	5
Definite diagnosis requires	1
Gastrointestinal bleeding	3
Intestinal stenosis	1
Gastrointestinal perforation	2
Carcinogenesis	1
Pre-op aminosalicylic acid (No/Yes)	8/35
Pre-op corticosteroids (No/Yes)	24/19
Pre-op immunosuppressive therapy (No/Yes)	34/9
Surgical procedures (Laparoscopic/open surgery)	14/29
Course (d), mean ± SD	73.6 ± 11.7
Indicators to be explored
Latent Epstein-Barr virus infection (Negative/positive)	33/10

Table 2 Vital signs, clinical manifestations and biochemical data of the patients (n = 43)

Variables	Data
Vital signs
Heart rate (time/min), mean ± SD	87.2 ± 3.1
Systolic pressure (mmHg), median (Q1, Q3)	101.0 (94.5, 113.0)
Diastolic pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	66.2 ± 1.7
Clinical manifestations
Fever (No/Yes)	26/17
Abdominal pain (No/Yes)	1/42
Diarrhea (No/Yes)	14/29
Fecal occult blood (No/Yes)	23/20
Mucus or bloody purulent stool (No/Yes)	28/15
Lose weight (≥ 5 kg) (No/Yes)	4/39
Abdominal mass (No/Yes)	29/14
Toxic megacolon (No/Yes)	41/2
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (No/Yes)	29/14
Intestinal obstruction (No/Yes)	19/24
Intestinal perforation (No/Yes)	34/9
Perianal disease (No/Yes)	35/8
Extraintestinal manifestations (No/Yes)	27/16
Oral ulcer (Yes)	13
Pyoderma gangrenosum (Yes)	1
Peripheral spondyloarthritis (Yes)	6
Others (Yes)	2
Biochemical data
White blood cell (× 109/L), mean ± SD	6.7 ± 0.6
Neutrophil count (× 109/L), mean ± SD	4.6 ± 0.5
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	103.6 ± 4.5
Platelets (× 109/L), mean ± SD	343.2 ± 25.7
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	11.0 (8.0, 14.0)
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	14.0 (10.3, 18.8)
Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD	30.6 ± 1.5
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	127.0 (102.0, 140.0)
Creatinine (μmol/L), mean ± SD	60.7 ± 3.0
Potassium (mmol/L), mean ± SD	3.8 ± 0.1
Prothrombin time (s), mean ± SD	12.2 ± 0.2
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s), median (Q1, Q3)	29.3 (26.5, 32.9)
C-reactive protein (g/L), median (Q1, Q3)	26.3 (16.3, 71.4)

Table 3 Summary of factors related to latent Epstein-Barr virus infection

Variables	Epstein-Barr virus-negative (n = 33)	Epstein-Barr virus-positive (n = 10)	Statistical value (t/χ2)	P value
Systolic pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	106.56 ± 11.51	94.33 ± 7.71	2.991 (t)	0.0051
Variety of disease			7.965 (Adjusted)	0.0051
Crohn disease	25	2
Ulcerative colitis	8	8
Severity of illness			12.293 (Likelihood ratio)	0.0021
Mild	8	2
Moderate	20	1
Severe	5	7
Pre-op corticosteroids			5.017 (Adjusted)	0.0251
No	22	2
Yes	11	8

¹Significant differences.

Table 4 Data comparison between patients with mild/moderate or severe inflammatory bowel disease

Variables	Mild/moderate (n = 31)	Severe (n = 12)	Statistical value (t/χ2)	P value
Systolic pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	107.33 ± 11.698	94.45 ± 7.71	3.482 (t)	0.0011
Variety of disease			12.542 (Adjusted)	0.0001
Crohn disease	25	2
Ulcerative colitis	6	10
Pre-op corticosteroids			6.408	0.0111
No	21	3
Yes	10	9
Latent Epstein-Barr virus infection			8.911 (Adjusted)	0.0031
Negative	28	5
Positive	3	7

¹Significant differences.