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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2023; 15(11): 2430-2444
Published online Nov 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2430
Published online Nov 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2430
Table 1 Clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with early-onset colon cancer in two cohorts
Characteristics | Overall | Training set | Testing set | P value |
n = 26922 | n = 18845 | n = 8077 | ||
Age | 44.00 (39.00, 47.00) | 44.00 (39.00, 47.00) | 44.00 (39.00, 47.00) | 0.730 |
LN examined | 19.00 (14.00, 27.00) | 19.00 (14.00, 27.00) | 19.00 (14.00, 27.00) | 0.959 |
LN positive | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 0.800 |
LNR | 0.03 (0.00, 0.19) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.19) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.20) | 0.851 |
LODDS | -2.66 (-3.66, -1.29) | -2.66 (-3.61, -1.30) | -2.71 (-3.66, -1.24) | 0.881 |
Survival months | 51.00 (21.00, 105.00) | 51.00 (21.00, 106.00) | 50.00 (21.00, 103.00) | 0.169 |
Gender (%) | 0.856 | |||
Female | 13367 (49.7) | 9364 (49.7) | 4003 (49.6) | |
Male | 13555 (50.3) | 9481 (50.3) | 4074 (50.4) | |
Race (%) | 0.898 | |||
White | 19659 (73.0) | 13783 (73.1) | 5876 (72.7) | |
Blake | 4050 (15.0) | 2829 (15.0) | 1221 (15.1) | |
Others | 2985 (11.1) | 2073 (11.0) | 912 (11.3) | |
Unknown | 228 (0.8) | 160 (0.8) | 68 (0.8) | |
Marital status (%) | 0.383 | |||
Married | 15296 (56.8) | 10674 (56.6) | 4622 (57.2) | |
Others/unknown | 11626 (43.2) | 8171 (43.4) | 3455 (42.8) | |
Primary site (%) | 0.783 | |||
Right colon | 13053 (48.5) | 9139 (48.5) | 3914 (48.5) | |
Left colon | 13342 (49.6) | 9330 (49.5) | 4012 (49.7) | |
Large intestine, NOS | 527 (2.0) | 376 (2.0) | 151 (1.9) | |
Histology (%) | 0.995 | |||
Adenomas/adenocarcinomas | 23406 (86.9) | 16384 (86.9) | 7022 (86.9) | |
Cystic/mucinous/serous neoplasms | 3324 (12.3) | 2326 (12.3) | 998 (12.4) | |
Others | 192 (0.7) | 135 (0.7) | 57 (0.7) | |
Grade (%) | 0.055 | |||
Well | 2775 (10.3) | 1992 (10.6) | 783 (9.7) | |
Moderately | 18265 (67.8) | 12708 (67.4) | 5557 (68.8) | |
Poorly | 5094 (18.9) | 3603 (19.1) | 1491 (18.5) | |
Undifferentiated | 788 (2.9) | 542 (2.9) | 246 (3.0) | |
Stage (%) | 0.198 | |||
Stage 0 | 204 (0.8) | 136 (0.7) | 68 (0.8) | |
Stage I | 3939 (14.6) | 2792 (14.8) | 1147 (14.2) | |
Stage II | 7360 (27.3) | 5103 (27.1) | 2257 (27.9) | |
Stage III | 9806 (36.4) | 6914 (36.7) | 2892 (35.8) | |
Stage IV | 5613 (20.8) | 3900 (20.7) | 1713 (21.2) | |
T stage (%) | 0.437 | |||
T0 | 210 (0.8) | 142 (0.8) | 68 (0.8) | |
T1 | 2595 (9.6) | 1845 (9.8) | 750 (9.3) | |
T2 | 2801 (10.4) | 1985 (10.5) | 816 (10.1) | |
T3 | 15121 (56.2) | 10537 (55.9) | 4584 (56.8) | |
T4 | 6195 (23.0) | 4336 (23.0) | 1859 (23.0) | |
N stage (%) | 0.259 | |||
N0 | 12410 (46.1) | 8645 (45.9) | 3765 (46.6) | |
N1 | 7886 (29.3) | 5576 (29.6) | 2310 (28.6) | |
N2 | 6626 (24.6) | 4624 (24.5) | 2002 (24.8) | |
M stage (%) | 0.351 | |||
M0 | 21309 (79.2) | 14945 (79.3) | 6364 (78.8) | |
M1 | 5613 (20.8) | 3900 (20.7) | 1713 (21.2) | |
Size (%) | 0.871 | |||
< 5 cm | 9238 (34.3) | 6476 (34.4) | 2762 (34.2) | |
≥ 5 cm | 9179 (34.1) | 6434 (34.1) | 2745 (34.0) | |
Unknown | 8505 (31.6) | 5935 (31.5) | 2570 (31.8) |
Table 2 Univariate Cox regression analyses for predicting overall survival and cause-specific survival in the training cohort
Characteristics | OS | CSS | ||
HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age | 1.004 (0.999-1.008) | 0.090 | 1.000 (0.995-1.005) | 0.896 |
Gender | 1.096 (1.040-1.156) | 0.001a | 1.058 (0.996-1.123) | 0.067 |
Race | 1.050 (1.013-1.090) | 0.009a | 1.073 (1.030-1.118) | 0.001a |
Marital status | 1.330 (1.262-1.402) | < 0.001a | 1.282 (1.208-1.362) | < 0.001a |
Primary site | 0.926 (0.881-0.974) | 0.003a | 0.926 (0.875-0.980) | 0.007a |
Histology | 1.501 (1.409-1.599) | < 0.001a | 1.498 (1.394-1.609) | < 0.001a |
Grade | 1.696 (1.631-1.764) | < 0.001a | 1.774 (1.698-1.853) | < 0.001a |
Stage | 3.267 (3.149-3.389) | < 0.001a | 4.102 (3.922-4.290) | < 0.001a |
T stage | 2.258 (2.169-2.350) | < 0.001a | 2.566 (2.448-2.690) | < 0.001a |
N stage | 2.347 (2.271-2.426) | < 0.001a | 2.653 (2.552-2.757) | < 0.001a |
M stage | 7.380 (6.988-7.793) | < 0.001a | 8.790 (8.262-9.351) | < 0.001a |
LN examined | 0.989 (0.987-0.991) | < 0.001a | 0.988 (0.985-0.991) | < 0.001a |
LN positive | 1.085 (1.082-1.087) | < 0.001a | 1.088 (1.085-1.090) | < 0.001a |
LNR | 14.557 (13.403-15.811) | < 0.001a | 17.876 (16.324-19.575) | < 0.001a |
LODDS | 1.562 (1.541-1.584) | < 0.001a | 1.630 (1.605-1.656) | < 0.001a |
Size | 1.006 (0.970-1.043) | 0.759 | 0.999 (0.959-1.040) | 0.955 |
Table 3 Multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting overall survival in the training cohort
Characteristics | N-stage | PLN | LNR | LODDS | ||||
HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Gender | 1.131 (1.073-1.193) | < 0.001a | 1.103 (1.046-1.164) | < 0.001a | 1.120 (1.062-1.181) | < 0.001a | 1.120 (1.062-1.181) | < 0.001a |
Race | 1.046 (1.008-1.086) | 0.017a | 1.058 (1.020-1.098) | 0.003a | 1.048 (1.010-1.088) | 0.013a | 1.045 (1.007-1.085) | 0.019a |
Marital status | 1.300 (1.233-1.371) | < 0.001a | 1.289 (1.223-1.360) | < 0.001a | 1.307 (1.239-1.378) | < 0.001a | 1.310 (1.243-1.382) | < 0.001a |
Primary site | 0.901 (0.856-0.948) | < 0.001a | 0.934 (0.888-0.983) | 0.008a | 0.891 (0.847-0.938) | < 0.001a | 0.873 (0.830-0.919) | < 0.001a |
Histology | 1.184 (1.108-1.264) | < 0.001a | 1.089 (1.019-1.164) | 0.012a | 1.120 (1.048-1.197) | 0.001a | 1.125 (1.052-1.202) | 0.001a |
Grade | 1.256 (1.205-1.309) | < 0.001a | 1.284 (1.232-1.338) | < 0.001a | 1.238 (1.188-1.290) | < 0.001a | 1.230 (1.180-1.281) | < 0.001a |
T-stage | 1.433 (1.373-1.495) | < 0.001a | 1.485 (1.425-1.549) | < 0.001a | 1.456 (1.396-1.518) | < 0.001a | 1.439 (1.380-1.501) | < 0.001a |
M-stage | 4.645 (4.378-4.928) | < 0.001a | 5.074 (4.783-5.382) | < 0.001a | 4.484 (4.220-4.764) | < 0.001a | 4.254 (4.003-4.519) | < 0.001a |
N-stage | 1.636 (1.578-1.697) | < 0.001a | / | / | / | / | / | / |
PLN | / | / | 1.048 (1.044-1.052) | < 0.001a | / | / | / | / |
LNR | / | / | / | / | 4.736 (4.303-5.213) | < 0.001a | / | / |
LODDS | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1.309 (1.288-1.330) | < 0.001a |
Table 4 Multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting cause-specific survival in the training cohort
Characteristics | N-stage | PLN | LNR | LODDS | ||||
HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Race | 1.066 (1.023-1.111) | 0.003 | 1.080 (1.036-1.126) | < 0.001 | 1.068 (1.025-1.114) | 0.002 | 1.066 (1.022-1.111) | 0.003 |
Marital status | 1.252 (1.178-1.329) | < 0.001 | 1.240 (1.167-1.317) | < 0.001 | 1.258 (1.185-1.336) | < 0.001 | 1.262 (1.189-1.341) | < 0.001 |
Primary site | 0.885 (0.836-0.938) | < 0.001 | 0.925 (0.873-0.979) | 0.008 | 0.876 (0.826-0.928) | < 0.001 | 0.858 (0.809-0.909) | < 0.001 |
Histology | 1.155 (1.071-1.245) | < 0.001 | 1.044 (0.967-1.126) | 0.272 | 1.074 (0.996-1.159) | 0.065 | 1.077 (0.999-1.162) | 0.054 |
Grade | 1.270 (1.212-1.331) | < 0.001 | 1.311 (1.252-1.373) | < 0.001 | 1.256 (1.200-1.316) | < 0.001 | 1.244 (1.188-1.303) | < 0.001 |
T-stage | 1.546 (1.471-1.626) | < 0.001 | 1.609 (1.532-1.690) | < 0.001 | 1.574 (1.499-1.654) | < 0.001 | 1.551 (1.477-1.630) | < 0.001 |
M-stage | 5.132 (4.800-5.487) | < 0.001 | 5.772 (5.399-6.170) | < 0.001 | 5.017 (4.684-5.373) | < 0.001 | 4.716 (4.404-5.051) | < 0.001 |
N-stage | 1.783 (1.710-1.860) | < 0.001 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
PLN | / | / | 1.050 (1.046-1.054) | < 0.001 | / | / | / | / |
LNR | / | / | / | / | 5.304 (4.773-5.895) | < 0.001 | / | / |
LODDS | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1.345 (1.321-1.368) | < 0.001 |
Table 5 Prognostic efficiency of different lymph node status indicators in the training cohort
Endpoint | Filtered model | C-index | AIC | AUC | |||
1-yr | 3-yr | 5-yr | 10-yr | ||||
OS | N-stage | 0.799 | 96473.30 | 0.835 | 0.844 | 0.842 | 0.818 |
LN-positive | 0.796 | 96726.02 | 0.835 | 0.845 | 0.838 | 0.811 | |
LNR | 0.802 | 96299.43 | 0.840 | 0.849 | 0.842 | 0.817 | |
LODDS | 0.806 | 96143.26 | 0.842 | 0.850 | 0.845 | 0.820 | |
CSS | N-stage | 0.826 | 74358.02 | 0.862 | 0.871 | 0.869 | 0.855 |
LN-positive | 0.822 | 74674.34 | 0.861 | 0.872 | 0.863 | 0.846 | |
LNR | 0.829 | 74253.59 | 0.868 | 0.876 | 0.870 | 0.853 | |
LODDS | 0.834 | 74084.86 | 0.870 | 0.877 | 0.872 | 0.857 |
- Citation: Xia HB, Chen C, Jia ZX, Li L, Xu AM. Advantage of log odds of positive lymph nodes in prognostic evaluation of patients with early-onset colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15(11): 2430-2444
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v15/i11/2430.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2430