3D laparoscopic-assisted vs open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics for patients in two cohorts

	OG (n = 48)	3DLAG (n = 36)	P value
Age (yr)	60.62 (10.11)	61.19 (9.90)	0.797
Gender (%)			1.000
Male	42 (87.5)	32 (88.9)
Female	6 (12.5)	4 (11.1)
BMI (kg/m2)	21.65 (3.22)	22.26 (2.59)	0.355
ASA (%)			0.384
1	1 (2.1)	0 (0.0)
2	33 (68.8)	29 (80.6)
3	14 (29.2)	7 (19.4)
Previous disease (%)			0.54
Benign	17 (35.4)	16 (44.4)
Malignant	31 (64.6)	20 (55.6)
Primary reconstruction (%)			0.617
Billroth Ⅰ	16 (33.3)	12 (33.3)
Billroth Ⅱ	22 (45.8)	20 (55.6)
Roux-en-Y	4 (8.3)	1 (2.8)
Tube-like Stomach esophagogastrostomy	6 (12.5)	3 (8.3)
Interval time (d)	211.56 (197.35)	237.97 (209.01)	0.556
Site of CRS (%)			0.352
Non-anastomosis	22 (45.8)	12 (33.3)
Anastomosis	26 (54.2)	66.7)

All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; BMI: Body mass index; CRS: Carcinoma in the remnant stomach.

Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative results for patients in two cohorts

	OGC (n = 48)	3DLAGC (n = 36)	P value
Abdominal adhesion, n (%)			0.098
0	7 (14.6)	1 (2.8)
Ⅰ	10 (20.8)	3 (8.3)
Ⅱ	12 (25.0)	14 (38.9)
Ⅲ	12 (25.0)	14 (38.9)
Ⅳ	7 (14.6)	4 (11.1)
Operation time (min)	215.67 (73.80)	243.11 (61.97)	0.075
Blood Loss (mL)	305.83 (303.66)	188.33 (191.35)	0.045
Incision size (cm)	20.06 (5.17)	10.86 (3.18)	< 0.001
Postoperative VAS
Day 1	7.17 (0.88)	6.03 (0.70)	< 0.001
Day 3	5.52 (0.80)	3.86 (0.68)	< 0.001
Day 5	3.73 (1.16)	2.06 (0.92)	< 0.001
Nasogastric tube removal time (d)	3.58 (1.93)	1.86 (1.46)	< 0.001
Abdominal drainage tube removal time (d)	8.21 (3.14)	5.83 (2.26)	< 0.001
Time to first ambulation (d)	2.58 (0.71)	1.81 (0.71)	< 0.001
Time to first flatus (d)	4.00 (1.03)	3.08 (0.55)	< 0.001
Time to first soft diet (d)	5.50 (3.58)	3.14 (1.73)	< 0.001
ICU, n (%)	10 (20.8)	3 (8.3)	0.207
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	11.19 (6.34)	7.56 (2.25)	0.002
Total hospital stay (d)	15.75 (7.37)	12.19 (4.02)	0.011
Complications (Grade ≥ Ⅲ), n (%)	7 (14.5)	2 (5.6)	0.372
Anastomosis leakage	2 (4.2)	1 (2.8)
Cardiac failure	1 (2.1)	0 (0.0)
Anastomosis obstruction	2 (4.2)	0 (0.0)
Abdominal bleeding	2 (4.2)	1 (2.8)

All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). Incision size: primary incision excluding the wounds for drainage and trocar; Complications (Grade ≥ 3): According to classification of Clavien-Dindo; OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; VAS: Visual analog score; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 3 Postoperative pathological results for patients in two cohorts

	OGC (n = 48)	3DLAGC (n = 36)	P value
Pathological type, n (%)			0.521
Well differentiated	24 (50.0)	21 (58.3)
Moderately differentiated	19 (39.6)	10 (27.8)
Poorly differentiated (including signet-ring cell carcinoma)	5 (10.4)	5 (13.9)
Tumor size (mm)	38.67 (30.51)	35.22 (30.93)	0.612
TNM, n (%)			0.084
Ⅰ	18 (37.5)	15 (41.7)
Ⅱa	11 (22.9)	8 (22.2)
Ⅱb	9 (18.8)	1 (2.8)
Ⅲa	4 (8.3)	9 (25.0)
Ⅲb	4 (8.3)	3 (8.3)
Ⅲc	2 (4.2)	0 (0.0)
Depth of tumor invasion, n (%)			0.826
T1	10 (20.8)	9 (25.0)
T2	9 (18.8)	7 (19.4)
T3	17 (35.4)	13 (36.1)
T4	10 (25.0)	5 (19.5)
Lymph nodes metastases, n (%)			0.205
N0	34 (70.8)	20 (55.6)
N1	6 (12.5)	8 (22.2)
N2	2 (4.2)	5 (13.9)
N3	6 (12.5)	3 (8.3)
Number of positive lymph nodes (n)	2.35 (5.28)	1.56 (2.84)	0.413
Total number of lymph nodes retrieved (n)	10.73 (6.82)	14.00 (7.17)	0.036

All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; Enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; TNM: Pathological staging (pTNM) according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM Staging Classification for Carcinoma of the Stomach (8^th ed).