Prognostic factors for patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case series of 68 patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Variable	All (n = 68)	Surgery (n = 49)	Exploration (n = 19)	P value
Age (yr)	54.3 ± 1.4	52.6 ± 1.7	58.6 ± 2.2	0.435
Gender, Male	50 (73.5%)	34 (69.4%)	16 (84.2%)	0.924
HBV infection	16 (23.5%)	13(26.5%)	3 (15.8%)	0.997
HCV infection	4 (5.9%)	2 (4.1%)	2 (10.5%)	0.314
Ascites	14 (20.6%)	1 (2.0%)	13(68.4%)	< 0.001
Tumor size(cm)	6.9 ± 0.3	6.8 ± 0.4	7.63 ± 0.5	0.495
ALT (IU/L)(median)	1.8-92.1 (26)	1.8-92.1 (24.9)	23-76.3 (32.1)	0.031
AST (IU/L) (median)	9.6-74.2 (29)	9.6-74.2 (27.3)	18.2-61.9 (31)	0.142
ALP (U/L) (median)	13.4-280.5 (82.8)	13.4-280.5 (81.4)	45.3-109.9 (85.4)	0.149
GGT (U/L) (median)	11-325.6 (42.4)	11-325.6 (41.1)	28.9-104.7 (45.8)	0.512
TBIL (mg/dL) (median)	4.2-140.0 (18)	4.2-140 (18.1)	4.2-42.6 (17.8)	0.707
CA19-9 (U/mL) (median)	21-2000 (34.5)	21-1891 (36)	22-2000 (30)	0.104
Differentiation				0.536
Poor	30 (44.1%)	20 (40.8%)	10 (40.052.6
Poor-moderate	24 (35.3%)	19 (38.8%)	5 (26.3%)
Moderate	14 (20.6%)	10 (20.4%)	4 (21.1%)
Nodal metastasis	33 (48.5%)	14 (28.6%)	19 (100.0%)	< 0.001
Tumor location				< 0.001
Left lobe	28 (41.2%)	11 (22.4%)	17 (89.5%)
Right lobe	40 (58.8%)	38 (77.6%)	2 (10.5%)
Vascular invasion	31 (45.6%)	13 (26.5%)	19 (100.0%)	< 0.001

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ALT: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 2 Overall survival of the patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

	All (n = 68)	Surgery (n = 49)	Exploration (n = 19)	P value
Follow-up (mo)	1-82	3-82	1-57
Survival				< 0.001
1 yr	66.5%	93.5%	5.3%
3 yr	36.3%	49.7%	5.3%
5 yr	9.3%	14.4%	0.00%

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and pathological factors for overall survival of 68 patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Variable	Patients (n)	1 yr (%)	3 yr (%)	5 yr (%)	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)					0.278
≤ 54	35	71.8	39.8	13.5
>54	33	61.4	32.7	6.1
Gender					0.292
Male	50	62.2	34.2	9.7
Female	18	79.6	43.0	10.8
HBV infection					0.327
Yes	16	74.0	24.7	0
No	52	64.0	40.0	13.3
Ascites					< 0.001	5.553	1.628-18.941	0.006
Present	14	0	0	0
Absent	54	84.0	45.8	11.8
Tumor size (cm)					0.230
≤ 7	41	64,3	49.0	10.1
> 7	27	70.2	12.5	6.3
CA 19-9 (IU/mL)					0.881
≤ 27	40	62.7	36.6	7.8
> 27	28	72.3	34.8	15.5
Differentiation					0.009	0.769	0.466-1.270	0.305
Poor	30	56.4	21.7	0
Poor-moderate	24	78.5	62.4	12.8
Moderate	14	66.1	23.6	23.6
Nodal metastasis					< 0.001	2.294	0.983-5.353	0.055
Yes	35	97.0	64.0	21.7
No	33	37.8	9.1	0
Tumor location					0.032	2.186	0.801-5.965	0.127
Left lobe	28	40.9	28.6	0
Right lobe	40	86.8	43.9	12.4
Vascular invasion					< 0.001	2.501	1.020-6.131	0.045
Yes	31	35.5	9.7	0
No	37	97.1	66.3	22.2
Group					< 0.001	1.619	0.351-7.469	0.537
Resection	49	93.5	49.7	14.4
Exploration	19	5.3	5.3	0

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and pathological factors for overall survival of patients in the surgery group

Variable	Patients (n)	1 yr (%)	3 yr (%)	5 yr (%)	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)					0.633
≤ 54	27	92.3	48.6	21.2
> 54	22	95.0	50.7	9.5
Gender					0.441
Male	34	90.9	48.2	18.1
Female	15	100.0	54.0	13.5
HBV infection					0.063
Yes	13	92.3	30.8	0
No	36	94.0	57.1	22.5
Ascites					0.836
Present	1	0	0	0
Absent	48	93.4	49.6	14.4
Tumor size (cm)					0.044	1.273	0.485-3.339	0.624
≤ 7	28	92.9	69.6	16.9
> 7	21	94.1	33.6	8.4
CA 19-9 (IU/mL)					0.571
≤ 27	26	96.0	53.9	12.9
> 27	23	90.6	43.7	19.4
Differentiation					0.061
Poor	20	89.7	34.5	0
Poor-moderate	19	94.7	73.9	23.9
Moderate	10	100.0	35.7	35.7
Nodal metastasis					0.001	3.221	1.364-7.610	0.008
Yes	35	97.0	64.0	21.7
No	14	85.7	11.9	0
Tumor location					0.545
Left lobe	11	100.0	66.7	33.3
Right lobe	38	91.4	46.3	13.0
Vascular invasion					< 0.001	3.148	1.160-8.544	0.024
Yes	12	83.3	16.7	0
No	37	97.1	66.3	22.2
Pattern of liver resection					0.773
AR resection	23	96.0	50.6	11.4
NAR resection	25	95.5	51.7	9.7
Resection margin(cm)					0.361
≤ 1	21	95.2	40.3	16.1
> 1	27	96.0	57.3	14.6

CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.