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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2022; 14(3): 236-246
Published online Mar 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i3.236
Published online Mar 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i3.236
Table 1 Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | n (%) |
| Patients | 502 |
| Recurrence | 43 (8.6) |
| Multiple recurrences | 9 (1.8) |
| Male | 287 (57.2) |
| Age (mean ± SD, yr) | 65.2 ± 15.6 |
| Age 70 yr | 201 (40.0) |
| PAD | 243 (48.4) |
| CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm) | 1.3 ± 0.7 |
| CBD diameter 1.5 cm | 160 (31.9) |
| Largest CBD stone diameter 1.5 cm | 83 (16.3) |
| CBD stone number 2 | 189 (37.6) |
| Muddy stones | 131 (26.1) |
| Initial ampullary intervention | |
| EST | 141 (28.1) |
| EPBD/EPLBD | 31 (6.2) |
| ESBD | 315 (62.7) |
| CBD morphology | |
| Straight type | 289 (57.6) |
| S type | 45 (9.0) |
| Polyline type | 168 (33.5) |
| Cholecystectomy | 26 (5.2) |
| Gastrectomy | 9 (1.8) |
| Procedure time (mean ± SD, min) | 20.0 ± 13.7 |
Table 2 Patient characteristics of patients with and without common bile duct stone recurrence, n (%)
| Characteristics | Recurrence (n = 43) | Nonrecurrence (n = 459) | P value |
| Sex (male/female) | 23/20 | 264/195 | 0.61 |
| Age ≥ 70 yr | 25 (58.1) | 176 (38.3) | 0.01 |
| PAD | 23 (53.5) | 220 (47.9) | 0.49 |
| CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm) | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.06 |
| CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 23 (53.5) | 137 (29.8) | < 0.01 |
| Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 11 (25.6) | 71 (15.5) | 0.09 |
| CBD stone number ≥ 2 | 15 (34.9) | 174 (37.9) | 0.70 |
| Muddy stones | 12 (27.9) | 119 (25.9) | 0.78 |
| Initial ampullary intervention | |||
| EST | 13 (30.2) | 128 (27.9) | 0.74 |
| EPBD/EPLBD | 9 (20.9) | 22 (4.8) | < 0.01 |
| ESBD | 17 (39.5) | 298 (64.9) | < 0.01 |
| CBD morphology | < 0.01 | ||
| Straight type | 14 (32.6) | 275 (59.9) | |
| S type | 11 (25.6) | 34 (7.4) | |
| Polyline type | 18 (41.9) | 150 (32.7) | |
| Cholecystectomy | 5 (11.6) | 21 (4.6) | 0.06 |
| Procedure time (mean ± SD, min) | 19.3 ± 14.2 | 20.1 ± 13.6 | 0.71 |
| Gastrectomy | 3 (7.0) | 6 (1.3) | 0.03 |
Table 3 Patient characteristics of patients with different common bile duct morphologies, n (%)
| Characteristics | Straight type (n = 289) | S type (n = 45) | Polyline type (n = 168) | P value |
| Sex (male/female) | 166/123 | 30/15 | 91/77 | 0.32 |
| Age ≥ 70 yr | 104 (36.0) | 20 (44.4) | 77 (45.8) | 0.10 |
| PAD | 136 (47.1) | 20 (44.4) | 87 (51.8) | 0.53 |
| CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 0.14 |
| CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 96 (33.2) | 22 (48.9) | 42 (25.0) | 0.01 |
| Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 42 (14.5) | 8 (17.8) | 32 (19.0) | 0.44 |
| CBD stone number ≥ 2 | 105 (36.3) | 17 (37.8) | 67 (39.9) | 0.75 |
| Muddy stones | 78 (27.0) | 11 (24.4) | 42 (25.0) | 0.87 |
| Initial ampullary intervention | ||||
| EST | 84 (29.1) | 11 (24.4) | 46 (27.4) | 0.79 |
| EPBD/EPLBD | 18 (6.2) | 3 (6.7) | 10 (6.0) | 0.98 |
| ESBD | 180 (62.3) | 30 (66.7) | 105 (62.5) | 0.85 |
| Cholecystectomy | 19 (6.6) | 2 (4.4) | 5 (3.0) | 0.24 |
| Procedure time (mean ± SD, min) | 19.8 ± 11.7 | 19.7 ± 13.1 | 20.6 ± 16.7 | 0.81 |
| Gastrectomy | 5 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.4) | 0.38 |
Table 4 Characteristics of patients with single recurrence and multiple recurrences, n (%)
| Characteristics | Single recurrence (n = 34) | Multiple recurrences (n = 9) | P value |
| Sex (male/female) | 19/15 | 4/5 | 0.71 |
| Age (mean ± SD, yr) | 71.3 ± 13.7 | 68.6 ± 12.2 | 0.59 |
| Age ≥ 70 yr | 21 (61.8) | 4 (44.4) | 0.46 |
| PAD | 21 (61.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.06 |
| CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm) | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.43 |
| CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 18 (52.9) | 5 (55.6) | 1.00 |
| Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 10 (29.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0.41 |
| CBD stone number ≥ 2 | 12 (35.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1.00 |
| Muddy stones | 10 (29.4) | 2 (22.2) | 1.00 |
| Initial ampullary intervention | |||
| EST | 10 (29.4) | 3 (33.3) | 1.00 |
| EPBD/EPLBD | 6 (17.6) | 3 (33.3) | 0.37 |
| ESBD | 16 (47.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0.07 |
| CBD morphology | 0.22 | ||
| straight type | 12 (35.3) | 2 (22.2) | |
| S type | 10 (29.4) | 1 (11.1) | |
| polyline type | 12 (35.3) | 6 (66.7) | |
| Cholecystectomy | 5 (14.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.57 |
| Gastrectomy | 3 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
| Procedure time (mean ± SD, min) | 19.9 ± 15.7 | 17.0 ± 6.3 | 0.60 |
Table 5 Risk factors for common bile duct stone recurrence
| Factor | B | OR (95%CI) | P value | B | OR (95%CI) | P value |
| Age ≥ 70yr | 0.69 | 1.99 (0.99-4.00) | 0.06 | |||
| CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm | 0.79 | 2.20 (1.08-4.46) | 0.03 | |||
| EPBD/EPLBD | 0.92 | 2.51 (0.89-7.06) | 0.08 | |||
| ESBD | -1.04 | 0.35 (0.17-0.75) | < 0.01 | |||
| Gastrectomy | 1.46 | 4.29 (0.84-21.83) | 0.08 | |||
| CBD morphology | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
| Straight type | Reference | -0.90 | 0.41 (0.19-0.88) | 0.02 | ||
| S type | 1.89 | 6.61 (2.61-16.77) | < 0.01 | 0.99 | 2.70 (1.08-6.73) | 0.03 |
| Polyline type | 0.90 | 2.45 (1.14-5.26) | 0.02 | Reference |
- Citation: Ji X, Yang Z, Ma SR, Jia W, Zhao Q, Xu L, Kan Y, Cao Y, Wang Y, Fan BJ. New common bile duct morphological subtypes: Risk predictors of common bile duct stone recurrence. World J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 14(3): 236-246
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v14/i3/236.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v14.i3.236