Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs open surgery for T2 gallbladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Type	Period	Case	Age		Sex (M/F)		Liver resection1		Quality
				LS vs OS	LS	OS	LS	OS	LS	OS
Lee et al[12], 2022	Korea	R	2011-2018	20 vs 24	71.85 ± 9.11	68.08 ± 10.64	5/15	11/13	1/4/15	1/13/10	7
Cho et al[13], 2022	Korea	R (PSM)	2010-2017	19 vs 19	69.9 ± 9.1	66.7 ± 7.8	8/11	12/7	NA	NA	6
Navarro et al[14], 2020	Korea	R (PSM)	2005-2017	43 vs 43	66.7 ± 10.3	65.4 ± 7.6	25/18	28/15	38/5/0	23/12/8	6
Jang  et al[15], 2019	Korea	R	2004-2017	55 vs 44	70.1 ± 8.1	65.5 ± 10.5	19/36	23/21	38/16/1	9/32/3	8
Itano et al[16], 2015	Japan	R	2003-2013	16 vs 14	68.1 ± 19.9	71.5 ± 13.2	9/7	5/9	NA	NA	7

¹No/wedge/S4b or 5.

F: Female; R: Retrospective comparative studies; LS: Laparoscopic surgery; M: Male; NA: Not available; OS: Open surgery; PSM: Propensity score matching.

Table 2 Meta-analysis results of all available studies in measured outcomes

Measured outcomes	Studies, n	Heterogeneity test		Model	RR/WMD	95%CI	P value
		I2 (%)	P value
Operative time	5	62	0.03	Random	-41.29	-75.66, -6.92	0.02a
Intraoperative blood loss	4	86	0.0001	Random	-261.96	-472.60, -51.31	0.01a
Hospital stays	5	76	0.002	Random	-5.67	-8.53, -2.81	0.0001a
Lymph nodes retrieved	5	79	0.0008	Random	-1.71	-4.27, 0.84	0.19
Transfusion	3	0	0.57	Random	0.60	0.31, 1.15	0.13
Complication	5	0	0.5	Random	0.72	0.39, 1.33	0.29
Recurrence	2	50	0.16	Random	0.41	0.06, 2.84	0.36
3-yr OS	3	40	0.19	Random	0.99	0.82, 1.18	0.89
5-yr OS	3	80	0.006	Random	1.02	0.68, 1.53	0.92
3-yr DFS	3	29	0.24	Random	1.01	0.84, 1.21	0.93
5-yr DFS	3	55	0.11	Random	1.15	0.90, 1.46	0.26

^aIndicates statistical significance.

CI: Confidence interval; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; RR/WMD: Relative risk/weighted mean difference.