Nomogram for predicting chylous ascites after right colectomy

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variables	No CA (n = 487)	CA (n = 29)	P value
Age (yr)	64.3 ± 11.5	66.0 ± 10.3	0.436
Sex			0.384
Male	245 (93.5%)	17 (6.5%)
Female	242 (95.3%)	12 (4.7%)
BMI (kg/m2)			0.122
≤ 25	337 (93.4%)	24 (6.6%)
> 25	150 (96.8%)	5 (3.2%)
History of abdominal surgery			0.406
Yes	70 (97.2%)	2 (2.8%)
No	417 (93.9%)	27 (6.1%)
Neoadjuvant therapy			0.142
Yes	10 (83.3%)	2 (16.7%)
No	477 (94.6%)	27 (5.4%)
ASA score			0.565
1 or 2	363 (94.0%)	23 (6.0%)
≥ 3	124 (95.4%)	6 (4.6%)
Combined organ resection			0.495
Yes	38 (92.7%)	3 (7.3%)
No	449 (94.5%)	26 (5.5%)
Type of surgery			0.012
Standard	357 (96.0%)	15 (4.0%)
Extended	130 (90.3%)	14 (9.7%)
Surgical approach			0.094
Open	94 (97.9%)	2 (2.1%)
Laparoscopy	391 (93.5%)	27 (6.5%)
Blood loss (mL)	83.8 ± 81.5	94.5 ± 64.2	0.252
Operative time (min)	155.0 ± 21.5	164.1 ± 19.3	0.032
Number of positive LNs	2.79 ± 5.3	2.3 ± 7.0	0.668
Number of LNs retrieved	25.69 ± 8.7	29.79 ± 6.6	0.005
Tumor diameter (cm)	5.4 ± 2.4	5.6 ± 1.9	0.377
Preoperative albumin	38.5 ± 5.5	39.7 ± 4.1	0.163
Preoperative CEA	22.3 ± 81.7	5.0 ± 4.0	0.110
Pathological T stage			0.220
T0-T2	50 (90.9%)	5 (9.1%)
T3-T4	437 (94.8%)	24 (5.2%)
Pathological N stage			0.101
N0	226 (92.6%)	18 (7.4%)
N1-N2	261 (96.0%)	11 (4%)
Metastasis			0.749
Yes	46 (93.9%)	3 (6.1%)
No	441 (94.4%)	26 (5.6%)
Differentiation			0.299
w/d, m/d	302 (93.5%)	21 (6.5%)
p/d	30 (100.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Lymphovascular Invasion			0.098
Negative	259 (92.8%)	20 (7.2%)
Positive	228 (96.2%)	9 (3.8%)
Perineural invasion			0.665
Negative	369 (94.1%)	23 (5.9%)
Positive	118 (95.2%)	6 (4.8%)
Somatostatin administration			0.039
Yes	156 (97.5%)	4 (2.5%)
No	331 (93.0%)	25 (7.0%)

CA: Chylous ascites; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LNs: Lymph nodes; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models for risk factors of chylous ascites

		Univariate	Multivariate
		P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (yr)		0.449
Sex	Male or female	0.386
BMI (kg/m2)	> 25 vs ≤ 25	0.130
History of abdominal surgery	Absent vs present	0.272
Neoadjuvant therapy	Absent vs present	0.114
ASA score	1 or 2 vs ≥ 3	0.566
Combined organ resection	Absent vs present	0.624
Type of surgery	Standard vs extended	0.015	2.493 (1.097-5.669)	0.029
Surgical approach	Open vs laparoscopy	0.112
Blood loss (mL)		0.492
Operative time (min)		0.028	1.019 (1.001-1.037)	0.041
Number of positive LNs		0.668
Number of LNs retrieved		0.014	1.058 (1.015-1.103)	0.008
Tumor diameter (cm)		0.199
Preoperative albumin		0.228
Preoperative CEA		0.087	0.952 (0.900-1.008)	0.090
Pathological T stage	T0-T2 vs T3-T4	0.243
Pathological N stage	N0 vs N1-N2	0.106
Metastasis	Absent vs present	0.873
Differentiation	w/d, m/d vs p/d	0.784
Lymphovascular Invasion	Absent vs present	0.103
Perineural invasion	Absent vs present	0.665
Administration of somatostatin	Absent vs present	0.048	0.240 (0.078-0.744)	0.013

CA: Chylous ascites; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LNs: Lymph nodes; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.