Ectopic liver tissue (choristoma) on the gallbladder: A comprehensive literature review

Table 1 Summary of the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of 91 patients published in the literature between 1925 and 2020

Ref.	Year	Country	Language	Age	Sex	History of liver disease	Preliminary diagnosis	Radiologic tools
Kachi et al[1]	2020	Lebanon	English	44	F	No	CC	US
				62	F	No	CC	NA
Avdaj et al[2]	2020	Kosovo	English	47	F	No	CC	US
Baral et al[3]	2019	United States	English	67	F	No	CC	US
Yuksel et al[4]	2019	Turkey	English	34	F	NA	CC	US
Mannan et al[5]	2019	S. Arabia	English	38	F	NA	AC	US
Isa et al[6]	2019	Bahrain	English	42	F	No	CC	US
Pandit et al[7]	2019	Nepal	English	30	F	NA	Biliary pancreatitis	US + MRCP
Granek et al[8]	2019	Australia	English	36	M	NA	AC	US
Lodha et al[9]	2018	India	English	50	M	NA	Kidney tumor	CT
Topcu et al[10]	2018	Turkey	English	64	F	NA	AC	US
				70	F	NA	Icterus	US + CT + MR
Burke et al[11]	2018	Ireland	English	30	F	NA	CC	US
Greenberg et al[12]	2018	United States	English	52	F	FLD	AP	US + CT
Termos et al[13]	2017	Kuwait	English	73	F	NA	GBC	US + CT
Weber-Alvarez et al[14]	2017	Mexico	English	37	F	NA	AC	US
Galimov et al[15]	2017	Russia	Russian	70	M	NA	AC	US
Handra-Luca et al[16]	2016	France	English	68	F	NA	CC	US
				56	F	NA	CC	US
Mani et al[17]	2016	United States	English	56	M	FLD	AC	CT
Ito et al[18]	2016	Japan	English	59	F	NA	CC	MR + CT
Leena et al[19]	2016	India	English	25	M	NA	Cadaver	Autopsy
Karaca et al[20]	2016	Turkey	English	43	F	NA	CC	US
Jaboury et al[21]	2016	Australia	English	22	F	NA	CC	NA
Yahya et al[22]	2016	Libya	English	35	F	NA	CC	US
				45	F	NA	CC	US
				45	F	NA	CC	NA
				20	F	NA	Penetrating injury	NA
Aslan et al[23]	2016	Turkey	English	49	F	NA	CC	US
Longjam et al[24]	2016	India	English	42	F	NA	CC	US
Kostov et al[25]	2016	Bulgaria	English	49	M	RCLM	RCLM	NA
Bal et al[26]	2015	Turkey	English	51	F	NA	CC	US
Smyth et al[27]	2015	Australia	English	77	F	NA	CC	US
Abhilash et al[28]	2015	India	English	45	F	NA	AC	US
Hussein et al[29]	2015	Lebanon	English	49	F	NA	AC	CT
Yankol et al[30]	2015	Turkey	English	30	M	No	Living donor	US + CT + MRCP
Arslan et al[31]	2014	Turkey	English	59	F	NA	CC	US
Pulle et al[32]	2014	India	English	43	F	NA	CC	US
Terakawa et al[33]	2014	Japan	Japanese	33	F	NA	CC	US + MRCP
Sirasanagandla et al[34]	2013	India	English	62	M	NA	Cadaver	NA
Hassan et al[35]	2013	India	English	32	F	NA	CC	US
Martinez et al[36]	2013	Brazil	English	37	F	NA	AC	US
Ozturk et al[37]	2013	Turkey	Turkish	35	F	No	CC	US
Yajima et al[38]	2013	Japan	Japanese	73	F	NA	CC	US + CT
Khan et al[39]	2013	India	English	32	F	NA	CC	NA
Karaman et al[40]	2012	Turkey	English	63	M	NA	CC	US
Patel et al[41]	2012	United Kingdom	English	21	F	NA	CC	US
Sozen et al[42]	2012	Turkey	Turkish	40	F	NA	CC	US
Catani et al[43]	2011	Italy	English	72	F	NA	AC	US
				83	F	No	CC	US
Dettmer et al[44]	2011	Switzerland	English	91	F	NA	AC	CT
Nagar et al[45]	2011	United States	English	25	F	NA	AP + Cystic mass	US + CT + MRCP
Ates et al[46]	2010	Turkey	Turkish	64	F	NA	AC	NA
				49	M	NA	CC	US
Triantafyllidis et al[47]	2009	Greece	English	56	F	NA	CC	US
Guzman et al[48]	2009	Mexico	Spanish	36	M	NA	CC	US
Kyeong et al[49]	2008	S. Korea	English	66	F	NA	CC	CT
Koh et al[50]	2007	Australia	English	60	F	NA	AC	NA
Malhas et al[51]	2007	United Kingdom	English	42	M	FLD	CC	US
				39	F	NA	CC	US
Soto et al[52]	2007	United States	English	32	F	NA	CC	US
Beltran et al[53]	2007	Chile	English	47	M	NA	CC	US
				33	F	NA	CC	US
				27	M	NA	Gastric cancer	US + CT
				35	M	NA	Pancreatic pseudocyst	US + CT
Wang et al[54]	2006	China	Chinese	38	M	NA	Gallbladder polyps	US
Ikeda et al[55]	2006	Japan	English	70	M	No	HCC + Cirr	US + CT
Ngowe et al[56]	2006	Cameroon	French	46	F	NA	CC	US
Lundy et al[57]	2005	United States	English	38	F	FLD	Liver tumor	US + CT
Leone et al[58]	2004	Italy	English	54	F	NO	GBC	US + CT
Griniatsos et al[59]	2002	United Kingdom	English	39	F	NA	CC	US
				49	M	NA	CC	US
Acar et al[60]	2002	Turkey	English	55	F	NA	CC	US
Sakarya et al[61]	2002	Turkey	English	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Arakawa et al[62]	1999	Japan	English	48	M	ALD	ALD	Autopsy
Hamdani et al[63]	1994	United States	English	49	M	Cirr	PSC	US + CT
Boyle et al[64]	1992	United States	English	44	F	No	AC	US
Tejada et al[65]	1989	United States	English	43	M	NA	CC + HS	US
Watanabe et al[66]	1989	Japan	English	37	M	CLL	CLL	CT
				54	M	Cirr	ALD	Laparoscopy
				64	F	Cirr	Cirr	CT
				71	F	Cirr	Cirr	Laparoscopy
Fellbaum et al[67]	1987	Austria	German	34	F	NA	CC	NA
Natori et al[68]	1986	Japan	English	56	F	NA	CC	CT
Ashby et al[69]	1969	United Kingdom	English	42	M	NA	Duodenal ulcer	NA
BASSIS et al[70]	1956	United States	English	NA	NA	NA	CC	NA
				NA	NA	NA	CC	NA
				NA	NA	NA	CC	NA
				5d	M	NA	Cadaver	No
Thorsness et al[71]	1941	United States	English	63	F	NA	Cadaver	No
Cullen et al[72]	1925	United States	English	33	F	No	Jaundice	NA

CC: Chronic cholecystitis ± cholelithiasis; US: Ultrasound; NA: Non-available; AC: Acute cholecystitis; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopan-creatography; CT: Computed tomography; MR: Magnetic resonance; FLD: Fatty liver disease; GBC: Gallbladder cancer; RCLM: Rectum cancer liver metastasis; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Cirr: Cirrhosis; HS: Hereditary spherocytosis; CLL: Cystic liver lesion; AP: Abdominal pain.

Table 2 Summary of the surgical and histopathological characteristics of 91 patients published in the literature between 1925 and 2020

Ref.	Lesion sizes (mm)	Surgical indication	Surgical procedure	Histopathological findings of ELT	Histopathological findings of GB
Kachi et al[1], 2020	10	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	5	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Avdaj et al[2], 2020	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Baral et al[3], 2019	30	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Yuksel et al[4], 2019	17	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Mannan et al[5], 2019	5	AC	LC	ELT	NA
Isa et al[6], 2019	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Pandit et al[7], 2019	35	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Granek et al[8], 2019	19	AC	LC	ELT	NA
Lodha et al[9], 2018	20	Kidney tumor	Lap nephrectomy	ELT (no excised)	NA
Topcu et al[10], 2018	15	CC	OC	ELT	NA
	80	Pancreatic tumor	Whipple procedure	ELT	NA
Burke et al[11], 2018	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Greenberg et al[12], 2018	30	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Termos et al[13], 2017	30	Diag lap	LC	ELT	NA
Weber-Alvarez et al[14], 2017	10	AC	LC	ELT	AC + CC
Galimov et al[15], 2017	6	AC	LC	ELT	Phlegmonous cholecystitis
Handra-Luca et al[16], 2016	5	CC	LC	ELT	CC
	11	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Mani et al[17], 2016	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Ito et al[18], 2016	15	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Leena et al[19], 2016	15	Autopsy	Autopsy	ELT	NA
Karaca et al[20], 2016	15	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Jaboury et al[21], 2016	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Yahya et al[22 ], 2016	60	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	NA	Penetrating injury	Diag lap	ELT	NA
Aslan et al[23], 2016	8	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Longjam et al[24], 2016	15	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Kostov et al[25], 2016	35	RCLM	OC	ELT	Hydatid cyst on gallbladder wall
Bal et al[26], 2015	20	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Smyth et al[27], 2015	20	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Abhilash et al[28], 2015	10	AC	LC	ELT	CC
Hussein et al[29], 2015	NA	AC	LC	ELT	NA
Yankol et al[30], 2015	15	Donor hepatectomy	LDH	ELT	Accessory gallbladder tissue
Arslan et al[31], 2014	20	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Pulle et al[32], 2014	20	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Terakawa et al[33], 2014	12	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Sirasanagandla et al[34], 2013	20	Autopsy	Autopsy	ELT	NA
Hassan et al[35], 2013	10	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Martinez et al[36], 2013	30	CC	LC	ELT	Chronic inflammation
Ozturk et al[37], 2013	20	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Yajima et al[38], 2013	6	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Khan et al[39], 2013	NA	CC	LC	ELT (Fatty change)	CC
Karaman et al[40], 2012	11	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Patel et al[41], 2012	26	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Sozen et al[42], 2012	7	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Catani et al[43], 2011	15	AC	LC	ELT	NA
	14	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Dettmer et al[44], 2011	15	AC	LC	ELT	Acute cholecystitis
Nagar et al[45], 2011	45	AP + Cystic mass	LC	ELT	CC
Ates et al[46], 2010	5	AC	LC	ELT	NA
	6	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Triantafyllidis et al[47], 2009	15	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Guzman et al[48], 2009	30	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Kyeong et al[49], 2008	10	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Koh et al[50], 2007	15	AC	LC	ELT	NA
Malhas et al[51], 2007	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	NA	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Soto et al[52], 2007	8	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Beltran et al[53], 2007	12	CC	LC	ELT	CC
	17	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	7	Gastric cancer	OC + Gastrectomy	ELT	NA
	18	Pancreatic pseudocyst	OC + Gastrectomy	ELT	NA
Wang et al[54], 2006	11	Gallbladder polyps	LC	ELT	CC + Polyps
Ikeda et al[55], 2006	NA	HCC	OC + Segment V Resection	NASH	NA
Ngowe et al[56], 2006	30	CC	LC	ELT	CC
Lundy et al[57], 2005	30	Diag lap	LC	ELT	NA
Leone et al[58], 2004	90	GBC	OC	ELT + HCC	NA
Griniatsos et al[59], 2002	10	CC	LC	ELT	NA
	15	CC	LC	ELT	NA
Acar et al[60], 2002	14	CC	OC	ELT	Papillary epithelial hyperplasia
Sakarya et al[61], 2002	NA	NA	LC	NA	NA
Arakawa et al[62], 1999	15	Autopsy	Autopsy	ELT	NA
Hamdani et al[63], 1994	30	PSC	LT	ELT	NA
Boyle et al[64], 1992	20	AC	OC	ELT	CC
Tejada et al[65], 1989	11	CC	OC + Splenectomy	ELT	CC
Watanabe et al[66], 1989	5	Cystic lesion of the liver	Diag lap	Biliary hamartoma	NA
	8	Cirr	Diag lap	NA	NA
	10	Cirr	Diag lap	NA	NA
	6	Cirr	Diag lap	NA	NA
Fellbaum et al[67], 1987	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Natori et al[68], 1986	12	CC	OC + Excision	ELT	Chronic inflammation
Ashby et al[69], 1969	10	Duodenal ulcer	OC + Excision	ELT	NA
BASSIS et al[70], 1956	15	CC	OC	ELT	CC
	10	CC	OC	ELT	CC
	6	CC	OC	ELT	CC
	8	Autopsy	Autopsy	ELT	NA
Thorsness et al[71], 1941	5	Autopsy	Autopsy	ELT	NA
Cullen et al[72], 1925	12	Jaundice	Excision	NA	NA

NA: Non-available; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; AC: Acute cholecystitis; CC: Chronic cholecystitis ± cholelithiasis; RCLM: Rectum cancer liver metastasis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; GBC: Gallbladder cancer; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; OC: Open cholecystectomy; Diag lap: Diagnostic laparoscopy; ELT: Ectopic liver tissue; HCC: Hepatocellular cancer.