Bile leakage after loop closure vs clip closure of the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort

Table 1 Demographics and baseline data

	Total, n = 4359	Clipped cystic duct, n = 4223	PDS loop cystic duct, n = 136	P value
Patient characteristics
Age, median (IQR)	50 (39-62)	58 (43-71)	49 (38-61)
> 65 yr, n (%)	869	832 (20)	37 (27)	0.038
Male, n (%)	2012	1945 (46)	67 (49)	NS
ASA 3-4, n (%)	239	225 (7)	14 (13)	0.021
History prior to LC
Pre-operative ERCP	612	580 (14)	32 (24)	0.001
Pancreatitis	258	254 (6)	13 (10)	0.065
Previous cholecystitis	132	116 (3)	16 (12)	< 0.001
Indication for surgery				< 0.001
Sympt. biliary disease, n (%)	3737	3652 (87)	85 (62)
Acute cholecystitis, n (%)	622	571 (13)	51 (38)

All variables are in median. A total of 949 (22%) missing cases for American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) classification. NS: Not significant; IQR: Interquartile range (25%-75%) or in number (%); ASA 3-4: American Society of Anaesthesiology of 3 and 4; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; PDS: Polydioxanone.

Table 2 Stratification of 4359 patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, according to risk score prediction of bile leakage based on a logistic regression model

	Multivariable		Beta	Risk score
	OR (95%CI)	P value
Male gender	-	-	-	-
Age > 65 yr	-	-	-	-
ASA 3-4	2.0 (0.9-4.1)	0.074	0.68	1
Pre-op ERCP	1.7 (0.9-3.3)	0.094	0.54	1
Pre-op pancreatitis	-	-	-	-
Acute cholecystitis	2.7 (1.4-5.0)	0.002	0.98	2
Delayed surgery for previous cholecystitis	5.1 (2.3-11.4)	< 0.001	1.63	3
Maximum score				5

OR and CI with multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; ASA 3-4: American Society of Anaesthesiology of 3 and 4; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiology; pre-op ERCP: Pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Delayed surgery: Patients treated after a previous cholecystitis in a delayed setting; Maximum score: Delayed and acute cholecystitis exclude each other.