Efficacy of thrombin spray combined with clip closure after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection

Figure 1 Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale Pain scores at different time points. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale Pain scores at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after surgery in the study group (thrombin spray plus titanium clip, n = 59) and control group (titanium clip alone, n = 61). The study group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours (P < 0.0125 after Bonferroni correction), with no significant difference at 48 hours (P = 0.128). VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.

Figure 2 Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale Scores on postoperative day 7. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale scores across five dimensions and total score on postoperative day 7 in the study group (thrombin spray plus titanium clip, n = 59) and control group (titanium clip alone, n = 61). The study group showed significantly lower scores in all dimensions and total score compared to the control group (all P < 0.001). GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale.