Systemic immune-inflammation index and serum lactoferrin: A novel tool for individualized prognostic assessment in elderly colon cancer

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.114634

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2026; 18(5): 114634
Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.114634

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Figure 1 Synergistic role of systemic immune-inflammation index-associated immune cells in colorectal cancer progression. NEU: Neutrophil; PLT: Platelet; LYM: Lymphocyte; NO: ‌Nitric oxide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; NETs: ‌Neutrophil extracellular traps; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; CTCs: Circulating tumor cells; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; IFN-γ: ‌Interferon-gamma; TME: Tumor microenvironment‌; MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage; CAF: Cancer-associated fibroblasts; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.

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Figure 2 Clinical workflow of systemic immune-inflammation index-lactoferrin-guided perioperative management in elder colon cancer. SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; LF: Lactoferrin; MDT: Multidisciplinary team.

Citation: Ren SQ, Huang ZL, Qiu ZX, Cai C. Systemic immune-inflammation index and serum lactoferrin: A novel tool for individualized prognostic assessment in elderly colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(5): 114634
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i5/114634.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.114634

Ren SQ, Huang ZL, Qiu ZX, Cai C. Systemic immune-inflammation index and serum lactoferrin: A novel tool for individualized prognostic assessment in elderly colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(5): 114634 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.114634]

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