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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2026; 18(3): 114569
Published online Mar 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i3.114569
Figure 1
Figure 1 Comparative analysis of inflammation-associated markers. A: Vascular endothelial growth factor level variations in control (n = 60) vs research (n = 64) cohorts; B: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 concentration changes across control (n = 60) and research (n = 64) groups; C: MMP-9 measurements in control (n = 60) and research (n = 64) groups. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01 (between-group comparisons). VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Comparative evaluation of serum tumor biomarkers. A: Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 242 measurements in control (n = 60) and research (n = 64) groups; B: Comparative analysis of CA199 levels (control n = 60, research n = 64); C: Carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations across control and research groups (n = 60 vs n = 64). aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01 (between-group comparisons). CA: Carbohydrate antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.