Epidemiology and risk of pulmonary complications following hepatobiliary surgical procedures: A retrospective study

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.109631

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Sep 27, 2025 (publication date) through Sep 27, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2025; 17(9): 109631
Published online Sep 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.109631

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Figure 1 Study flowchart for risk factor analysis. PPCs: Postoperative pulmonary complications.

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Figure 2 Risk factors analysis. A: Forest plot of the absolute risk reduction of clinical factors with significant differences in univariate analysis; B: Forest plot of the multivariable analysis for risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; HGB: Hemoglobin.

Citation: Meng HJ, Chen ZH, Nie GM, Ji ZS, Wang YJ, Hu YF, Tang J. Epidemiology and risk of pulmonary complications following hepatobiliary surgical procedures: A retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(9): 109631
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i9/109631.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.109631