Magnetic resonance imaging bias field correction improves tumor prognostic evaluation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for liver cancer

Figure 1 Angiographic images before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization procedure. A: The pre-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization image reveals a hypervascular tumor blush, indicating the presence of a highly vascularized liver tumor; B: The post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization image demonstrates that the tumor blush has significantly decreased in intensity.

Figure 2 Enhanced tumor volume before the first transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment. A: Martingale residual local weighted scatterplot smoothing line of enhanced tumor volume before the first transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment; B: Enhanced tumor volume threshold before the first transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment corrected using bias field.

Figure 3 Local weighted scatterplot smoothing line of martingale residuals for enhanced tumor volume% before the first transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment. A: Martingale residual local weighted scatterplot smoothing line for enhanced tumor volume%; B: The critical value of enhanced tumor volume% before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment with magnetic resonance bias field correction.