Patient selection and operative strategies for laparoscopic intersphincteric resection without diverting stoma

Figure 1 Flow chart. PSM: Propensity score matching; ISR: Intersphincteric resection; Ls-ISR: Laparoscopic intersphincteric resection; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LCA: Left colic artery.

Figure 2 Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival in patients who underwent intersphincteric resection with diverting stoma and without diverting stoma after propensity score matching. A: Overall survival; B: Disease-free survival. DS: Diverting stoma.

Figure 3 Clinical decision of stoma based on the risk assessment of anastomotic leakage. LCA: Left colic artery; ISR: Intersphincteric resection; nCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.