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Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 113408
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408
Figure 1
Figure 1 This flowchart illustrates the stepwise inclusion and allocation process of 306 patients who underwent surgical treatment for esophageal cancer. DLCO: Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FEV1%: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio; FVC: Forced vital capacity; MVV: Maximum voluntary ventilation; FRC: Functional residual capacity; TLC: Total lung capacity; 6MWD: 6-minute walk distance.