Application status of endoscopic anti-reflux mucosal interventions in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of anti-reflux mucosectomy, anti-reflux mucosal ablation, and peroral endoscopic cardial constriction techniques. A: Anti-reflux mucosectomy: Horseshoe configuration - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, predominantly performed using snare resection; B: Anti-reflux mucosectomy: Butterfly configuration - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, snare resection primarily employed; C: Anti-reflux mucosal ablation: Horseshoe configuration - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, argon plasma coagulation predominantly applied; D: Anti-reflux mucosal ablation: Butterfly configuration - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, argon plasma coagulation based technique primarily used; E: Peroral endoscopic cardial constriction: Esophageal component - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, snare resection technique; F: Peroral endoscopic cardial constriction: Gastric component - longitudinal and cross-sectional views, snare resection technique.