Application value of mixed reality in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Two-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction. A-C: Two-dimensional imaging (2D) abdominal enhanced computed tomography images of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma; D: Three-dimensional (3D) hologram reconstructed by mixed reality software.

Figure 2 Mixed reality-assisted hepatectomy guided by three-dimensional holograms. A: Three-dimensional (3D) holograms were observed with the mixed reality head-mounted display in the operating room; B: The surgeon observed the tumor location and vascular anatomy with a 3D hologram and determined the surgical planning again; C: 3D hologram was placed above the surgical field; D: 3D holograms were fused with the patient's liver.