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World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2026; 18(8): 120067
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.120067
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.120067
Risk prediction models for enteral nutrition-related aspiration in critically ill patients: A systematic review
Yang-Yang Li, Yan Ren, Shang-Xue Sun, Jing-Jing Wang, Fei Peng, Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
Xin-Yi Wang, Xin-Yin Zhang, Department of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
Shu-Ling Li, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
Co-first authors: Yang-Yang Li and Yan Ren.
Co-corresponding authors: Fei Peng and Shu-Ling Li.
Author contributions: Li YY and Ren Y contributed equally as co-first authors, they were involved in the conception and design of the study, literature screening, data extraction, quality assessment, data analysis and interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript; Sun SX, Wang XY, and Wang JJ participated in literature screening, data extraction, quality assessment, data verification, figure and table preparation, and manuscript revision; Zhang XY contributed to literature retrieval strategy development, database searching, reference management, and manuscript formatting; Peng F and Li SL contributed equally as co-corresponding authors, they provided overall study supervision, guided the study design and methodology, reviewed quality assessment results, critically revised the manuscript, and provided financial support. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
AI contribution statement: No ChatGPT, Grammarly, DeepL, or any other AI tool was used. No images in the manuscript was generated by AI.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Corresponding author: Fei Peng, Chief Nurse, Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200003, China. pengfeitg@yeah.net
Received: March 3, 2026
Revised: March 20, 2026
Accepted: May 25, 2026
Published online: August 27, 2026
Processing time: 166 Days and 9.3 Hours
Revised: March 20, 2026
Accepted: May 25, 2026
Published online: August 27, 2026
Processing time: 166 Days and 9.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This systematic review is the first to comprehensively evaluate risk prediction models for enteral nutrition-related aspiration in critically ill adults. We identified 18 models from 12 studies, with age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and mechanical ventilation being the most common predictors. Although most models showed acceptable discrimination, the overall risk of bias was high, primarily due to inadequate methodological conduct in the analysis domain of the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Rigorous external validation and adherence to standardized reporting guidelines are urgently needed before these models can be safely implemented in clinical practice.