Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2026; 18(7): 121450
Published online Jul 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.121450
Published online Jul 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.121450
Management of common bile duct stones in the absence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Giorgio MP Graziano, Paolo Di Mattia, Medicine and Surgery, Università degli studi di Enna “KORE”, Enna 94100, Sicilia, Italy
Danilo C Centonze, Department of Surgery, General Surgery Unit, ASP Enna, Enna 94100, Sicilia, Italy
Author contributions: Graziano GMP designed the study; Graziano GMP and Centonze DC performed the research; Graziano GMP and Di Mattia P drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision and approved the final version.
AI contribution statement: No artificial intelligence tools were used to generate the scientific content of this manuscript. AI-based tools (such as language editing or writing assistance tools) may have been used to improve the clarity and readability of the text; however, all content was critically reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors. No AI tools were involved in study design, data interpretation, or generation of figures.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Corresponding author: Giorgio MP Graziano, Assistant Professor, Medicine and Surgery, Università degli studi di Enna “KORE”, Piazza dell'Università, Enna 94100, Sicilia, Italy.
Received: March 25, 2026
Revised: April 13, 2026
Accepted: May 13, 2026
Published online: July 27, 2026
Processing time: 124 Days and 20.8 Hours
Revised: April 13, 2026
Accepted: May 13, 2026
Published online: July 27, 2026
Processing time: 124 Days and 20.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not universally available, necessitating alternative strategies for common bile duct stone management. This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews scoping review maps the limited and heterogeneous evidence on non-ERCP diagnostic and surgical approaches. Current data are largely retrospective and derived from specialized centers, underscoring the context-dependent feasibility of these strategies and the need for prospective multicenter validation.