Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2020; 12(12): 468-490
Published online Dec 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i12.468
Published online Dec 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i12.468
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 — tumor marker: Past, present, and future
Tsinrong Lee, Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Vishal G Shelat, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
Vishal G Shelat, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
Author contributions: Lee T, Teng TZJ and Shelat VG contributed to this paper; Shelat VG designed the overall concept and supervised the writing of the manuscript; Lee T performed the literature review and wrote the manuscript; Teng TZJ designed the figure; Lee T, Teng TZJ and Shelat VG contributed to the editing of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Tsinrong Lee, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Received: October 14, 2020
Peer-review started: October 14, 2020
First decision: December 1, 2020
Revised: December 6, 2020
Accepted: December 11, 2020
Article in press: December 11, 2020
Published online: December 27, 2020
Processing time: 68 Days and 4.8 Hours
Peer-review started: October 14, 2020
First decision: December 1, 2020
Revised: December 6, 2020
Accepted: December 11, 2020
Article in press: December 11, 2020
Published online: December 27, 2020
Processing time: 68 Days and 4.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the “go-to” tumor marker when one discusses the diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, its utility in screening special population groups and determining management for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is more obscure, with many interpretations of its utility in the literature. Additionally, CA 19-9 is useful beyond pancreatic pathologies, with current studies pointing towards its potential use in gastrointestinal, urological, pulmonary, uterine, ovarian, thyroid, and salivary gland diseases. We provide an in-depth analysis of the current practices of CA 19-9 and its potential applications in the future.