Treatment of perforated giant gastric ulcer in an emergency setting

Abstract

AIM: To study and assess clinical outcomes of various modes of treatment for perforated giant gastric ulcer in an emergency setting.

METHODS: From May 2010 to February 2013, 20 cases of perforated giant gastric ulcer (> 2 cm) were operated on in an emergency setting. All the patients presented with features of peritonitis and were resuscitated aggressively before taking for surgery. In the first 4 cases, primary closure was done after taking a biopsy and among these, the 3^rd case also underwent partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy and the 4^th case underwent a radical subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and gastrojejunostomy for malignancy. All the remaining 16 cases underwent partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy.

RESULTS: Among the first 4 cases, 2 had an uneventful recovery and were discharged on the 6^th postoperative day. The 3^rd and 4^th patients developed gastric fistula, leading to prolonged hospitalization. For the 3^rd patient, conservative management was tried for 1 wk, followed by partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, and he was discharged on the 20^th day after admission, while the 4^th patient underwent a radical subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and gastrojejunostomy. Postoperatively, he developed adult respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and expired on the 3^rd postoperative day of the second surgery. All the remaining 16 patients underwent partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy and recovered well. Among these, 4 of them were malignant and the remaining were benign ulcers. All had an uneventful recovery. The percentage of malignancy in our series was 30% (6 out of 20 cases). In our study, 86% had an uneventful recovery, complications were seen in about 10%, and mortality was about 5%.

CONCLUSION: In giant gastric ulcer, the chances of malignancy and leak after primary closure are high. So, we feel that partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy is better.

Keywords: Giant; Gastric; Ulcer; Primary closure; Partial gastrectomy; Biopsy

Core tip: Giant gastric ulcer is considered to be more prone for perforation because of the large size and it is more likely to be malignant. Delay in seeking surgical care is to be discouraged because of the poor response to medical management. We have shown that with prompt treatment for perforated gastric ulcer, nearly 86% had uneventful recovery, complications were seen in about 10%, and mortality was about 5%. Furthermore, the chances of malignancy and leak after primary closure of giant gastric ulcer is high, so we feel partial distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy is a better option, even in an emergency setting if the expertise is available.