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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2026; 18(9): 116919
Published online Sep 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.116919
M-type dual-channel endoscopy with zebra guidewire lithotripsy for phytobezoars
Wen-Ming Hong, Jing Du
Wen-Ming Hong, Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Chun’an County, Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
Jing Du, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Hong WM initiated research; Hong WM and Du J designed the experiments and conducted clinical data collection, performed postoperative follow-up, recorded the data, conducted the collation and statistical analysis, and wrote the original manuscript and revised the paper; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 2025KY1244.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital.
Informed consent statement: The ethics committee agrees to waive informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Corresponding author: Jing Du, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China. dujing@hmc.edu.cn
Received: December 9, 2025
Revised: January 30, 2026
Accepted: August 25, 2026
Published online: September 27, 2026
Processing time: 279 Days and 23.3 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Phytobezoars are gastric concretions formed by plant fibers that can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms. Currently, endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy is the primary treatment modality for these masses. However, conventional methods often face challenges, such as low procedural efficiency, incomplete stone clearance, and a relatively high risk of complications when addressing large or hard bezoars. As an emerging technique, M-type dual-channel endoscopy combined with zebra guidewire lithotripsy (M-DCE-ZGL) may theoretically enhance lithotripsy efficacy through dual-channel cooperative manipulation and improved grasping and cutting capability. However, the exact clinical value of this technique compared with that of traditional methods awaits empirical evaluation based on cohort studies.

AIM

To evaluate the stone clearance efficiency and clinical safety of M-DCE-ZGL for treating phytobezoars through a retrospective cohort comparison, thereby providing evidence for optimizing treatment strategies.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 110 patients who underwent gastroscopy between October 2021 and October 2024. Participants were divided into a conventional endoscopy group (polypectomy snare or retrieval basket lithotripsy, n = 67) and a combined endoscopy group (M-DCE-ZGL, n = 43). The indicators assessed included operative duration; time to clinical remission; length of hospital stay; postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours; treatment effectiveness rate at three months; residual stones identified via follow-up endoscopy within two weeks; and complications (gastric perforation, bleeding, mucosal injury, and small bowel obstruction) over three months.

RESULTS

Of the 110 patients (67 conventional and 43 combined), those in the combined group demonstrated significantly shorter lithotripsy durations (45.61 ± 5.94 minutes vs 75.57 ± 6.66 minutes, P < 0.001), fewer lithotripsy sessions (1.22 ± 0.43 vs 1.60 ± 0.87, P = 0.003), and reduced hospital stays (5.89 ± 1.61 days vs 7.14 ± 3.47 days, P = 0.012) than those in the conventional group. The combined group had significantly lower postoperative VAS scores at all time points (all P < 0.05) than the conventional group. The combined group also showed a higher overall efficacy rate (100% vs 80.60%, P = 0.002); lower stone residual rate (4.65% vs 25.37%, P = 0.005); and fewer overall complications (4.65% vs 28.36%, P = 0.002), particularly mucosal injury (4.65% vs 17.91%, P = 0.042), than the conventional group.

CONCLUSION

Compared with conventional endoscopic lithotripsy methods, M-DCE-ZGL is more efficient and safer for treating phytobezoars.

Keywords: Phytobezoars; M-type dual-channel endoscopy; Lithotripsy; Efficacy; Safety; Zebra guidewire

Core Tip: This retrospective study compared M-type dual-channel endoscopy combined with zebra guidewire lithotripsy vs conventional endoscopic methods for phytobezoar treatment. The combined technique significantly reduced procedure time (45.6 minutes vs 75.6 minutes) and hospital stay (5.9 days vs 7.1 days), achieved a 100% complete clearance rate, and lowered the overall complication rate to 4.65%. It demonstrates superior efficiency and safety, offering an optimized approach for endoscopic management of gastric phytobezoars.

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