BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2026; 18(5): 117043
Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.117043
Nomogram integrating systemic immune-inflammation index and blood lipid ratio to predict postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in elderly gallstone patients
Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Jing-Ran Li, Ling Jia
Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Clinical Laboratory, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei 230013, Anhui Province, China
Jing-Ran Li, Genetics Center, Anhui Women and Children Medical Center, Hefei Maternity and Child Health-Care Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
Ling Jia, Health Management Center, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei 230013, Anhui Province, China
Author contributions: Zhu YY and Li JR conducted the research, collected the data, and performed the data analysis; Zhu YY, Li JR and Jia L designed the research study and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: No AI tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The research was reviewed and approved by Hefei BOE Hospital.
Informed consent statement: All research participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent prior to study registration.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No other data available.
Corresponding author: Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Chief Physician, Clinical Laboratory, Hefei BOE Hospital, Intersection of Dongfang Avenue and Wenzhong Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230013, Anhui Province, China. 13359014425@163.com
Received: December 5, 2025
Revised: January 14, 2026
Accepted: February 26, 2026
Published online: May 27, 2026
Processing time: 173 Days and 5.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common complication in elderly patients with cholelithiasis after undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and it can markedly hinder postoperative recovery. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HDL-C) may reflect the underlying inflammatory and metabolic states associated with postoperative outcomes. However, the combined predictive value of these two indicators remains unclear.

AIM

To develop a nomogram based on SII and TC/HDL-C for predicting poor postoperative gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with gallstones.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, 123 elderly patients with cholelithiasis from Hefei BOE Hospital were included and randomly assigned to the modeling cohort (n = 86) and the validation cohort (n = 37) in a 7:3 ratio. Gastrointestinal function was evaluated 30 days after surgery. Risk factors were identified using binary logistic regression. A nomogram was then constructed, and its performance was evaluated using the area under the curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

RESULTS

In the modeling cohort, TC/HDL-C, SII, operation time, TC, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, gallbladder wall thickness > 5 mm, and postoperative ambulation time ≥ 1 day were significantly higher in the poor gastrointestinal function group than in the good function group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified TC/HDL-C [odds ratio (OR) = 1.628, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.378-1.869], SII (OR = 3.411, 95%CI: 1.763-5.509), gallbladder wall thickness (OR = 1.524, 95%CI: 1.167-1.881), operation time (OR = 2.406, 95%CI: 1.858-2.954), and postoperative ambulation time (OR = 3.457, 95%CI: 1.109-5.805) as independent risk factors for postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction. The area under the curves of the nomogram in the modeling and validation cohorts were 0.889 and 0.828, respectively. The calibration and decision curves indicated that the model demonstrated good consistency and clinical utility.

CONCLUSION

The nomogram model developed based on the SII and TC/HDL-C provides a reliable tool for preoperative risk stratification and may assist in guiding individualized perioperative management.

Keywords: Systemic immune-inflammation index; Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; Gallstones; Gastrointestinal function; Nomogram

Core Tip: A nomogram was built in the current research to forecast unsatisfactory gastrointestinal performance after surgery in aged patients with gallstones. The constructed nomogram includes the systemic immune-inflammation index, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gallbladder wall thickness, operative duration, and the timing of ambulation after surgery. This tool showed strong predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.889 in the training cohort and 0.828 in the validation cohort. It also provided well-calibrated estimates and offered practical clinical benefit, thereby supporting the early recognition of individuals at elevated risk for the purpose of delivering focused interventions.

Write to the Help Desk