Evaluating risk factors for surgical site infections and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i1.98567

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2025; 17(1): 98567
Published online Jan 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i1.98567

Evaluating risk factors for surgical site infections and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Shao-Hua Wang

Shao-Hua Wang, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Hydropower Hospital, Guangzhou 511356, Guangdong Province, China

Author contributions: Wang SH independently conceived the study, conducted the literature search, extracted and assessed data, performed the data analysis, and prepared the manuscript, and also significantly contributed to refining the language, style, and protocol of the article and engaged in insightful discussions that shaped the study. Furthermore, Wang SH reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic committee of the Guangdong Hydropower Hospital.

Informed consent statement: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all patients and/or their families included in this retrospective analysis.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Data sharing statement: The data sets generated and analyzed during this study are not public, but under reasonable requirements, the correspondence author can provide.

Corresponding author: Shao-Hua Wang, Med, Attending Doctor, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Hydropower Hospital, No. 17 East Seventh Lane, Changgang New Village, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou 511356, Guangdong Province, China. shaohuawang004@163.com

Received: June 29, 2024
Revised: September 15, 2024
Accepted: September 26, 2024
Published online: January 27, 2025
Processing time: 181 Days and 0.4 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant complication in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), affecting patient outcomes and healthcare costs.

AIM

To identify risk factors associated with SSIs and evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing these infections.

METHODS

A comprehensive retrospective evaluation was conducted on 400 patients who underwent LC from January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into infected (n = 36) and non-infected (n = 364) groups based on the occurrence of SSIs. Data collected included age, diabetes mellitus status, use of prophylactic antibiotics, and specific surgical complications. Statistical analyses using SPSS (Version 27.0) involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine factors influencing the risk of SSIs.

RESULTS

The use of prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of SSIs (χ² = 68.34, P < 0.01). Older age (≥ 60 years) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus were identified as significant risk factors. Surgical complications like insufficient cystic duct stump, gallbladder perforation, and empyema also increased SSI risk. Notably, factors such as intraoperative blood loss and operation time did not significantly impact SSI occurrence.

CONCLUSION

Prophylactic antibiotics are effective in reducing the risk of SSIs in patients undergoing LC. Age, diabetes mellitus, and certain surgical complications significantly contribute to the risk. Effective management of these risk factors is essential to improve surgical outcomes and reduce the incidence of SSIs.

Keywords: Surgical site infections; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Prophylactic antibiotics; Risk factors; Surgical outcomes

Core Tip: This study addresses the significant challenge of surgical site infections in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, highlighting critical risk factors and the role of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing these infections. Our comprehensive retrospective analysis of 400 patients offers vital insights into the prevention and management strategies that can be employed to minimize surgical site infections, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. The robustness of our statistical analysis and the practical implications of our findings make this study a valuable contribution to the field of surgical research.