Ye YQ, Li PH, Wu Q, Yang SL, Zhuang BD, Cao YW, Xiao ZY, Wen SQ. Evolution of surgical treatment for hepatolithiasis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16(12): 3666-3674 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i12.3666]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Shun-Qian Wen, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 78 Weiguo Road, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China. wenshunqian0662@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Yong-Qing Ye, Qing Wu, Shang-Lin Yang, Bao-Ding Zhuang, Zhan-Yi Xiao, Shun-Qian Wen, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
Pei-Heng Li, Department of Oncology, Foshan Nanhai District Fifth People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
Ya-Wen Cao, Department of Emergency Medicine, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
Co-first authors: Yong-Qing Ye and Pei-Heng Li.
Co-corresponding authors: Ya-Wen Cao and Shun-Qian Wen.
Author contributions: Ye YQ, Li PH, Cao YW, and Wen SQ designed the research; Ye YQ and Yang SL performed the research; Zhuang BD and Xiao ZY contributed new analytic tools; Ye YQ and Li PH analyzed the data; Ye YQ and Li PH wrote the paper. Ye YQ and Li PH contributed equally to this work as co-first authors. Ye YQ and Li PH wrote the paper. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ye YQ proposed, designed and conducted data analysis and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. Li PH was responsible for patient screening, enrollment, collection of clinical data and blood specimens. In summary, we believe that designating Ye YQ and Li PH as co-first authors is fitting for our manuscript as it accurately reflects our team's collaborative spirit, equal contributions, and diversity. In addition, Cao YW and Wen SQ contributed equally to this work as co-corresponding authors. The research was performed as a collaborative effort, and the designation of co-corresponding authorship accurately reflects the distribution of responsibilities and burdens associated with the time and effort required to complete the study and the resultant paper. This also ensures effective communication and management of post-submission matters, ultimately enhancing the paper's quality and reliability.
Supported byFundamental and Applied Basic Research Fund Committee of Guangdong Province, No. 2022A1515140186, No. 2022A1515220159, and No. 2023A1515220128; Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project, No. A2023395; and Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Chinese Medicine, No. 20241303.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shun-Qian Wen, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 78 Weiguo Road, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China. wenshunqian0662@163.com
Received: July 2, 2024 Revised: August 27, 2024 Accepted: October 11, 2024 Published online: December 27, 2024 Processing time: 148 Days and 7 Hours
Abstract
Hepatolithiasis is a common disease where stones are located in the intrahepatic bile duct. Hepatolithiasis is a disease with regional characteristics. The complication and postoperative recurrence rates of the disease are high. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and the incidence of liver cirrhosisare the main causes of death in patients with hepatolithiasis. Thus, it is difficult to treat. The majority of biliary stones are readily removed endoscopically, however complex intrahepatic or large refractory extrahepatic stones often require surgical or percutaneous interventions when standard endoscopic methods fail. At present, the main clinical treatment for hepatolithiasis is surgery, of which there are different methods depending on the patient’s condition. With the continuous updates and development of medical technology, the treatment of hepatolithiasis has improved. In this paper, several mainstream surgical methods including partial hepatectomy, choledochojejunostomy, biliary tract exploration and lithotomy, percutaneous transhepatic chledochoscopic lithotripsy and liver transplantation used in the clinic are reviewed for clinicians' reference. Depending on the characteristics of each case, a suitable surgical method is chosen to obtain the best treatment effect.
Core Tip: Hepatolithiasis refers to the primary stones above the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts, and its main component is brown bile pigment stones. Hepatolithiasis is a disease with regional characteristics. At present, there is no exact explanation for the etiology of hepatolithiasis. Studies at home and abroad suggest that it may be related to lifestyle, biliary bacterial infection, biliary parasite infection, biliary anatomical variation, gene mutation and abnormal gene expression and other factors.
