Application of ablative therapy for intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy

Abstract

The post-hepatectomy recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is persistently high, affecting the prognosis of patients. An effective therapeutic option is crucial for achieving long-term survival in patients with postoperative recurrences. Local ablative therapy has been established as a treatment option for resectable and unresectable HCCs, and it is also a feasible approach for recurrent HCC (RHCC) due to less trauma, shorter operation times, fewer complications, and faster recovery. This review focused on ablation techniques, description of potential candidates, and therapeutic and prognostic implications of ablation for guiding its application in treating intrahepatic RHCC.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Recurrence; Ablation techniques; Radiofrequency ablation; Combined therapy; Therapeutic index

Core Tip: The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge, which urges close surveillance following hepatectomy for earlier detection of recurrent HCC. Unlike primary HCC, recurrent HCCs are usually detected in the early stage but are not amenable to repeat hepatectomy after comprehensive evaluation. The value of ablation as a minimally invasive but curative method is an increasing concern. We herein discuss the role of various ablation modalities and procedures in treating intrahepatic recurrent HCC for guiding its better application.