Published online Jul 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i7.723
Peer-review started: January 17, 2022
First decision: March 12, 2022
Revised: April 5, 2022
Accepted: June 23, 2022
Article in press: June 23, 2022
Published online: July 27, 2022
Processing time: 190 Days and 9.5 Hours
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving, object and word recognition, reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy, and decision-making. Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound, computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception. Pre-operative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications. Also, a more accurate assessment is noted, which leads to fewer operative complications. Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology, which can be of educational value to students and trainees. 3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization, which is used for pre
Core Tip: One of the applications of artificial intelligence in hepato-biliary and pancreatic surgery is to generate three-dimensional (3D) imaging, models, and virtual reality for preoperative planning. 3D visualization and navigation can facilitate identification of the exact location of tumors and vessels, reducing vascular injury, operative time, and postoperative complications, thereby leading to better patient outcomes. Upcoming surgeons and students can utilize 3D models and virtual reality to gain expertise in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and share their experiences with their peers.