A critical evaluation of contemporary literature regarding the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies in precision cardio-oncology care and survivorship, emphasizing innovative and groundbreaking endeavors.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm models can automate the risk assessment process and augment current subjective clinical decision tools. AI, particularly machine learning (ML), can identify medically significant patterns in large data sets. Machine learning in cardio-oncology care has great potential in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and managing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. To this end, large-scale imaging data and clinical information are being leveraged in training efficient AI algorithms that may lead to effective clinical tools for caring for this vulnerable population. Telemedicine may benefit cardio-oncology patients by enhancing healthcare delivery through lowering costs, improving quality, and personalizing care. Similarly, the utilization of wearable biosensors and mobile health technology for remote monitoring holds the potential to improve cardio-oncology outcomes through early intervention and deeper clinical insight. Investigations are ongoing regarding the application of digital health tools such as telemedicine and remote monitoring devices in enhancing the functional status and recovery of cancer patients, particularly those with limited access to centralized services, by increasing physical activity levels and providing access to rehabilitation services.

In recent years, advances in cancer survival have increased the prevalence of patients experiencing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. Traditional cardio-oncology risk categorization largely relies on basic clinical features and physician assessment, necessitating advancements in machine learning to create objective prediction models using diverse data sources. Healthcare disparities may be perpetuated through AI algorithms in digital health technologies. In turn, this may have a detrimental effect on minority populations by limiting resource allocation. Several AI-powered innovative health tools could be leveraged to bridge the digital divide and improve access to equitable care.

Costunolide (Cos) and dehydrocostus lactone (DhC) are naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones with potent anticancer properties. Despite their promising bioactivity, limitations such as poor solubility, metabolic instability, and off-target toxicity restrict their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance cytotoxicity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics.

ology: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature was conducted across PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library. Thirteen studies published between 2006 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria, focusing on the anticancer properties of synthetic Cos and DhC derivatives.

Synthetic modifications, particularly amino and triazole conjugations, improved tumor selectivity and water solubility, while maintaining or enhancing cytotoxic potency. The most effective derivatives induced apoptosid, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in various cancer cell lines. However, pharmacokinetic data remain limited, and only one study included in vivo evaluation.

Synthetic derivatives of Cos and DhC exhibit enhanced anticancer potential and improved pharmacokinetic properties, making them promising candidates for drug potential. However, further in vivo studies and clinical trials are necessary to validate their therapeutic efficacy and safety.

The design of molecular hybrids that chemically conjugate nitric oxide (NO)-donors with anticancer drugs, offering site-specific and time-controlled properties, is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. In this work, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel doxorubicin (DOXO)-NO-donor hybrid, named FS536, by chemically conjugating DOXO with a diazeniumdiolate moiety. Upon incubation in human serum, FS536 simultaneously released both DOXO and NO through enzymatic hydrolysis. FS536 significantly inhibited the proliferation of the DOXO-resistant A549 lung cancer cell line (A549-DR), overcoming the resistance typically observed with DOXO alone. This enhanced efficacy is attributed to the release of NO, which induces the nitration of the MRP1 efflux pump, reducing its activity, increasing intracellular drug concentrations, and thus sensitizing resistant cells to DOXO. Our findings suggest that FS536 is a promising therapeutic strategy for combating multidrug-resistant cancers by leveraging the synergistic effects of DOXO and NO.

Tumor cells (TCs) produce exosomes (EXOs), nanovesicles formed in endosomes. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are tiny, bubble-shaped structures formed by TCs that include microRNAs (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, and copies of DNA and RNA. Many different kinds of cancer rely on TDEs. For instance, TDEs play a large role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote tumor spread via many pathways. Furthermore, TDEs impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Additionally, because of their low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity, TDEs have been extensively used as drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy. Consequently, future cancer treatments may benefit from focusing on both the therapeutic function and the tumorigenic pathways of TDEs. Consequently, in this work, we have examined the roles of TDEs in cancer development, such as tumor angiogenesis, immune system evasion, and tumor metastasis. Then, we reviewed TDEs used to transport anticancer medicines, including chemotherapeutic medications, therapeutic compounds (including miRNA), and anticancer nanoparticles. We have concluded by outlining the challenges of clinical translation, including carcinogenicity and medication resistance, and by offering some suggestions for addressing these issues.

The combination of anlotinib with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become a common treatment modality in clinical practice. However, the optimal dose of anlotinib to use remains unclear. We collected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received programmed cell death-1 blockade combined with different dose of anlotinib as second-line or later line therapy. Subsequently, the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy as well as subgroup analyses of different doses of anlotinib were analyzed. Cox regression was performed to analyze significant factors correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 50 eligible patients with NSCLC who received anlotinib combined with ICIs therapy were included, of which 27 received low-dose anlotinib (8 mg), and 23 were administered high-dose anlotinib (12 mg). The median PFS (mPFS) and the median OS (mOS) for all patients were 8.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.3-10.3] and 17.6 months (95% CI: 16.5-18.7), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that patients treated with 8 mg of anlotinib plus ICIs had significantly longer mPFS than those treated with 12 mg of anlotinib plus ICIs (8.7 vs 6.7 months, P  = 0.016). The overall incidence of adverse events was 68.0%, and the most common adverse events of all grades were hypertension. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse events was higher for 12 mg of anlotinib plus ICIs than that of 8 mg of anlotinib plus ICIs (82.6 vs 55.6%, P  = 0.041). Low-dose anlotinib in combination with ICIs for advanced NSCLC may be an effective and well-tolerated option.

Accumulating evidence indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) directly sponge to microRNAs (miRNAs),(miRNAs), which in turn regulate the gene expression and affect the malignancy behavior at the posttranscriptional level. However, the expression levels, function, and mechanism of circ_0000231 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. The expression levels of circ_0000231, miR-140-3p, and Bcl-2 in 110 CRC tissues and matched normal colorectal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR method. circ_0000231 and Bcl-2 were suppressed by siRNA, and miR-140-3p was overexpressed by RNA mimics in CRC cell lines. The function-based experiments were conducted to detect the proliferation and migratory abilities in CRC cell lines. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and dual-fluorescence reporter assay were conducted to verify the association among circ_0000231, miR-140-3p, and Bcl-2. Western blot analysis and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus were used to detect the autophagy level affected by circ_0000231, miR-140-3p, and Bcl-2 axis. Downregulated circ_0000231 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migratory abilities of CRC cells by suppressing autophagy and promoting G0/G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, RNA pull-down, RIP, and dual-fluorescence reporter assays confirmed that circ_0000231 regulates the expression of Bcl-2 by directly targeting miR-140-3p. More importantly, circ_0000231 promoted the levels of autophagy via the miR-140-3p/Bcl-2 axis in CRC. Our study demonstrated that circ_0000231, as a tumor promotor, enhances the level of autophagy by regulating Bcl-2 via targeting miR-140-3p. Moreover, circ_0000231 might serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator and a novel molecular target for CRC therapy.

An increasing body of research indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) significantly influences the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous study has shown that F. nucleatum exerts pro-tumorigenic effects through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. However, the role of its microbial metabolites in regulating immune responses remains unclear. Here, we report for the first time that F. nucleatum-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA) activates AhR in macrophages, driving M2 polarization and tumor-promoting immunosuppression. We discovered that culture supernatant of F. nucleatum (CSF) robustly activates AhR in macrophages. In co-culture systems, CSF upregulated the expression of the M2 marker CD206 and elevated mRNA levels of CD163, TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF. In a subcutaneous allograft model, CSF induced an elevated number of CD206+ macrophages and decreased presence of CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed IPA as a novel major AhR-activating metabolite in CSF. Strikingly, IPA recapitulated CSF's effects in promoting tumor cell migration and immunosuppression, both in vitro and in vivo. Critically, the AhR inhibitor CH223191 abolished both IPA-mediated M2 polarization and tumor growth. Our study revealed a novel mechanism by which F. nucleatum-derived IPA reprograms macrophages through AhR activation to fuel CRC progression, providing potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment and prognosis improvement.

The anthracycline anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) induces myocardial cell death and heart failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nobiletin (NOB), a natural flavonoid isolated from citrus peel, has a protective effect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

H9C2 cells were pretreated with 100 μM NOB and then treated with 1 μM DOX. An MTT assay revealed that NOB improved the decreased cell viability induced by DOX. A TUNEL assay showed that NOB treatment improved DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Western blotting indicated that DOX-induced increases in cleaved caspase-3 and -9 expression were significantly suppressed by NOB treatment. Motion field imaging of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets showed that NOB significantly suppressed a DOX-induced reduction of their contractile function. Next, to investigate the effect of NOB in vivo, DOX was intraperitoneally administered to mice. Echocardiography showed that oral administration of NOB reduced DOX-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and a TUNEL assay showed that oral administration also inhibited apoptosis in the mouse heart.

These results indicate that NOB treatment suppressed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing apoptosis. Further study of the mechanism of this effect may lead to the development of a novel therapy for DOX-induced heart failure.

Cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) poses a major challenge in managing cancer patients, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality among survivors. CTR-CVT includes various cardiovascular issues, such as cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and vascular dysfunction, which significantly impact patient prognosis and quality of life. Metabolic reprogramming, characterized by disruptions in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, represents a shared pathophysiological feature of cancer and cardiovascular diseases; however, the precise mechanisms underlying CTR-CVT remain inadequately understood. In recent years, strategies targeting metabolic pathways have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular risks while optimizing cancer treatment efficacy. This review systematically summarizes metabolic reprogramming characteristics in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, analyzes how anticancer therapies induce cardiovascular toxicity through metabolic alterations, and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dysregulation. By integrating current research advancements, this review aims to enhance the understanding of CTR-CVT and provide groundwork for the development of safer and more effective cancer approaches.

Cancer's rising incidence and growing survivor population underscore the need for strategies to enhance health and quality of life. Outdoor physical activity (PA) settings may provide unique benefits, yet evidence in this context is scarce. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of outdoor PA and exercise interventions on the health and well-being of cancer survivors.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases from their inception until April 23, 2024. Studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs involving outdoor PA or exercise interventions for cancer survivors. The search strategy adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale.

Twelve studies involving 712 cancer survivors were included, comprising 7 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs. Four studies compared outdoor exercise to indoor exercise instead of a usual care control group, and one used a crossover design. The interventions varied in frequency, intensity, time, and type, with Nordic walking and walking being the most common. Key findings indicated significant improvements in mental health, PA levels, muscular fitness, body composition, and exercise motivation. However, the impact on vital signs and sleep quality was inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and variability in interventions.

Outdoor PA, including structured exercise interventions, substantially benefits cancer survivors, particularly in enhancing mental health and physical fitness. Despite the promising findings, further research is needed to explore long-term effects, the benefits for different cancer types and age groups, and the underlying mechanisms of these interventions. Health practitioners should consider incorporating outdoor activities into cancer rehabilitation programs.

PROSPERO CRD42024545392.

In this article we explore the potential significance of illness stories in cancer rehabilitation by describing gynaecological cancer survivors' experiences from both reading other women's illness stories as well as writing their own. Individual texts were written by fifty-nine women who had recently finished primary cancer treatment while participating in an e-intervention. These texts were analyzed, inspired by Braun and Clark's method of analysis. Our analysis led to two main themes; "Recognition - understanding oneself through others" and "Processing and adapting to a changed everyday life." We found that reading and writing about cancer can pave the way for the individual woman's recognition, normalization, belonging, and path to acceptance. However, this work can be painful as it can trigger memories of going through the cancer experience. Health personnel must be aware of both potentials and pitfalls and be sure to give the support needed.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, with its incidence and mortality rates rising significantly in recent decades. In this study, we identified a compound (TC4) from a series of L-shaped ortho-quinone analog with notable inhibitory effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that TC4 induces apoptosis, thereby suppressing CRC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Target analysis suggested that adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B) is a key molecular target of TC4, which was further confirmed by thermodynamic experiments showing direct binding to ADORA2B in living cells. Using ADORA2B overexpression and knockdown models, we found that abnormal expression of ADORA2B significantly affects CRC cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and sensitivity to TC4, confirming ADORA2B as a critical target for the compound's anti-tumor activity. TC4 was shown to markedly influence EMT, downregulating E-cadherin while upregulating N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, with these effects dependent on ADORA2B overexpression. This indicates that the regulation of EMT by TC4 is closely associated with its interaction with ADORA2B. The present study confirms that TC4, a newly discovered compound with the ability to inhibit the growth and metastasis of CRC cells, can target ADORA2B to significantly regulate EMT in cancer cells.

Worldwide, cancer is a great cause of death and a public health issue. Cancer has been the leading cause of death in developing nations for many years. Cancers are typically treated with surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapies. However, these techniques have some undesirable side effects, including neurological illness, high toxicity levels, discomfort, and mental stress. Biologically active compounds discovered in mushrooms may be utilized to reduce ill effects and increase the efficacy of the current therapies. Mushrooms have efficient therapeutic activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. Bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, terpenoids, β-glucan, steroids, polyphenols, flavonoids, proteins, and peptides have precisely well-recognized anticancer activity. In this review paper, we described the biomedical activities of the mushroom against various cancers. The immune-modulating components in mushrooms activate NK cells and macrophages to target cancer cells. Due to immunomodulatory properties of mushroom-derived bioactive compounds in cancer therapy to highlight the need for further research in this area further studies needs to validate in clinical samples.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women, it is crucial to identify sensitive biomarkers for prognosis and treatment of breast cancer patients. Emerging research has demonstrated the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the advancement of breast cancer. LINC00534 has recently emerged as a potential regulator in multiple malignancies, yet its clinical significance and molecular mechanisms in breast cancer remain poorly characterized.

The purpose of this study was to explore the function of LINC00534 and miR-139-5p in breast cancer progression, as well as the mechanisms that underpin its actions.

Tumor and normal tissues were collected from 80 breast cancer patients. qRT-PCR was performed to detect LINC00534 expression in tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess survival differences between groups and the correlation between LINC00534 expression and clinical outcomes. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation to assess LINC00534's effect on tumor growth. To evaluate the impact of LINC00534 on tumor metastasis, transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of cells. Moreover, dual-luciferase assay was used to verify the relationship within the LINC00534/miR-139-5p/HMGB2 axis.

LINC00534 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tumor tissues and cell lines (p < 0.001). Higher LINC00534 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients, including shorter survival and higher recurrence risk (Log-rank p = 0.014). Furthermore, LINC00534 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (all p < 0.001) via its interaction with the miR-139-5p/HMGB2 axis.

LINC00534 may serve as a prognostic marker and the LINC00534/miR-139-5p/HMGB2 axis could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Despite numerous systematic reviews on self-management interventions for cancer survivors, little is known about survivors' daily self-management practices and the influencing factors.

To identify self-management behaviors and related factors among cancer survivors.

Six databases were searched for primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies on self-management behaviors in cancer survivors that were published in English-language, peer-reviewed journals between 2012 and July 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The data extracted using a predetermined form were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

A total of 22 articles were included in the review; the majority were qualitative research, and half had moderate to high quality of evidence. Nine domains of self-management behaviors were identified, namely, physical activity/exercise, diet, emotional management, complementary and alternative medicine, symptom management, religiosity/spirituality, attending regular follow-ups, adjustment of other lifestyles, and medication management. Four categories of factors were associated with self-management behaviors in cancer survivors: (1) personal factors (demographic and psychological), (2) health status, (3) family factors, and (4) healthcare system. However, the relationships between self-management behaviors and these factors were mainly identified from qualitative studies or addressed in single studies.

Self-management behaviors in cancer survivors are multifaceted. There is an urgent need for quantitative exploration of factors associated with self-management in cancer survivors.

This review provides nurses with a comprehensive basis for designing self-management support interventions for cancer survivors.

The study aimed to investigate the current status of physical activity (PA) levels and associated factors among lung cancer survivors who have undergone nonsurgical treatments.

PA has been incorporated as a nonpharmacological intervention in the rehabilitation programmes of cancer patients, playing a crucial role in alleviating symptom burden and enhancing the quality of life among lung cancer survivors. Understanding the potential influencing factors of PA levels aids in formulating targeted intervention strategies.

A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Convenience sampling was utilised to survey lung cancer survivors from the respiratory and oncology departments of 12 hospitals across Eastern, Central and Western China, spanning from June 2023 to January 2024. Social demographic characteristics, disease-related features, health behaviour abilities, psychological factors and levels of PA were collected through a combination of clinical case systems used to record patients' treatment and medical conditions and self-reported questionnaires. Additionally, measurements of grip strength and the 6-min walk test were conducted for patients. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted.

Only 109 patients (16.2%) achieved high PA levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated differences in age, residential location, employment status, religion, lung cancer stage, grip strength, albumin concentration, blood urea, Anderson symptom, depression and health behaviour capacity among lung cancer survivors with varying PA levels.

Significant associations were observed between age ≥ 75 years, residing in urban areas, unemployment, absence of religious beliefs, Stage IV lung cancer, lower grip strength, lower albumin concentration, higher blood urea, higher Anderson symptom scores, lower health behaviour capacity scores, higher depression scores and lower PA levels among lung cancer survivors. These potential factors should be considered when developing PA intervention plans.

This study offers insights for developing subsequent PA intervention programmes. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals should continuously educate patients about the benefits of exercise and help them incorporate PA into their daily lives. Additionally, emphasising multidisciplinary collaboration involving physical therapists, nutritionists and mental health experts is crucial for ensuring safe and effective PA, thereby improving patients' quality of life.

Our study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist: cross-sectional studies.

At the phase of collecting data, participants were recruited to fill the questionnaires.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300072609.

The aim of the study was to increase the specificity and targeting of tumour imaging, targeting molecules that enable the simultaneous recognition and binding of multiple tumour-associated receptors. We constructed a NIR-II fluorescence probe based on a bispecific antibody to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) for visualising colorectal cancers (CRCs) and metastatic lymph nodes.

The expression of EGFR and c-Met in tumour and metastatic lymph node specimens from patients with CRC was examined using immunohistochemistry. The EGFR and c-Met bispecific antibody (Rybrevant) was labelled, and its cell-specific binding ability was assessed using laser confocal microscopy. Subcutaneous CRC and orthotopic tumour models were constructed to evaluate the fluorescence imaging of the probe in vivo. To assess the performance of Rybrevant-IRDye800CW in the differential diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes, a CRC lymph node metastasis model was constructed using human CRC cells implanted in mouse claw pads. Finally, surgically resected CRC tumours and lymph node specimens were incubated with Rybrevant-IRDye800CW for fluorescence NIR-II imaging to evaluate the efficacy of Rybrevant-IRDye800CW for preclinical visualisation.

The combined expression rate of EGFR and c-Met in CRC and metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than the single-target expression rate. The bispecific probe Rybrevant-IRDye800CW was successfully synthesised, and its fluorescence signal could be extended up to 1600 nm using NIR-II imaging. Cell incubation experiments showed that the fluorescence intensity of Rybrevant-IRDye800CW was strongly correlated with EGFR and c-Met overexpression of the cells. NIR-II in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that double-positively expressing subcutaneous tumours significantly uptook Rybrevant-IRDye800CW after tail vein injection of the probe, which rapidly accumulated within the tumours in about 6 h. In EGFR and or c-Met blockade assays, subcutaneous tumours showed weaker uptake of Rybrevant-IRDye800CW. Similarly, Rybrevant-IRDye800CW was specifically identified in orthotopic CRC and lymph node metastasis models, with all orthotopic tumours showing high tumour-to-background ratios in NIR-II imaging. In a NIR-II preclinical study, Rybrevant-IRDye800CW could specifically identify fresh human CRC and its metastatic lymph node tissue.

This study confirmed the complementary EGFR and c-Met expression in CRC and its metastatic lymph nodes. Compared to single-target probes, EGFR and c-Met dual-specific fluorescent probes identified CRC and its metastatic lymph nodes using NIR-II imaging. Thus, NIR-II-guided R0 surgery was performed to resect the CRC and metastatic lymph nodes.

This study was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant numbers: L222054, 7244517, 4232058, L248026, L232020), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (92059207, 92359301, 92259303, 62027901, 81930053, 81227901, U21A20386), CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team (JCTD-2021-08), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no. JK2024-2-35-02).

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains a significant concern among breast cancer (BC) survivors, particularly following potentially cardiotoxic treatments, such as anthracyclines and anti-HER2 drugs, which increase the risk of major adverse CV events (MACE). Social determinants of health (SDOH) and environmental factors influence health outcomes, including those related to CVD. Urban greenspace has been associated with CV and cancer-related health benefits, yet its specific impact on MACE among BC survivors remains unknown.

This study aims to investigate the association between urban greenspace and time to first MACE incidence among individuals with BC after being treated with cardiotoxic therapies in the greater Milwaukee, WI area.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records from the Froedtert Health System, linked to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between percent tree canopy cover and MACE-specific hazards, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and neighborhood-level factors.

Among the 849 women included, 44.6 % experienced a MACE. Adjusted models indicated an 18 % reduction in MACE-specific hazard (HR: 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.70, 0.96) and a 20 % reduction in MACE-specific hazard (HR: 0.80, 95 % CI: 0.67, 0.97) for women in the second and third quartiles of percent tree canopy cover, respectively, compared to the women in the first (lowest) quartile. However, we did not observe a risk difference for women living in the fourth quartile of tree canopy. Racial/ethnic disparities in greenspace exposure and MACE incidence were evident, with Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women having a lower proportion living in areas with the highest tree canopy cover and a higher MACE incidence (61.9 %) compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) women (41.6 %), who had the highest proportion residing in areas within the 4th quartile of tree canopy cover.

Our findings suggest that urban tree canopy is associated with time to incident MACE among BC survivors receiving cardiotoxic treatments. These results underscore the importance of considering socioenvironmental factors in CardioOncology care and highlight the benefits of greenspace in mitigating CV complications among individuals with BC. Future research should delve into individual lifestyle and behavioral factors, environmental factors, and biological mechanisms that may underlie these associations. Additionally, longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate greenspace-based interventions for BC survivors, aiming to advance precision CardioOncology interventions. Observed racial/ethnic disparities in MACE incidence underscore the urgent need for equity-focused interventions addressing greenspace access and MACE-related disparities.

Cancer-associated cachexia-anorexia syndrome (CACS) significantly affects patients' quality of life, leading to weight loss, muscle wasting, and reduced treatment response. This prospective study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of olanzapine versus mirtazapine in managing CACS. Primary objective was to assess their impact on body weight and appetite, while the secondary objective focused on psychological distress and sleep. A total of 152 patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 76 patients each. Group O received Tablet Olanzapine 5 mg/day orally; Group M received Tablet Mirtazapine 15 mg/day orally at bed time. All patients were assessed by using Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) score and weight at time of first visit then follow-up visit at 2nd and 4th weeks. At 2nd week, the mean change in SNAQ score was 3.14 in Group M compared to 2.04 in Group O (p = 0.035). By the 4th week, it was 3.86 in Group M and 2.87 in Group O (p = 0.006). Weight changes increased from 45.57 to 46.81 kg in Group M and from 45.97 to 46.90 kg in Group O by 4th week (p ≥ 0.5). Both mirtazapine and olanzapine significantly increased appetite without notable weight gain. Mirtazapine showed stronger effects on appetite, sleep, anxiety, and depression.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) plus bevacizumab (Bmab group) compared with SOX plus cetuximab (Cmab group) as a first-line treatment for patients with Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Japan from the perspective of healthcare payers.

A partitioned survival model was developed using data from the randomized phase II Osaka Multicenter Study Group on Colorectal Cancer-1107 study, which included overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment regimens for the Bmab and Cmab groups. Treatment costs were estimated from the Japanese medical claims database and the National Health Insurance drug price list. The utilities were derived from the literature. Outcomes were reported as incremental cost, incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at 7.5 million JPY per QALY. The time horizon of the model was set to 20 years. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the uncertainty of the model for various parameters.

Compared with the Cmab group, the Bmab group had an incremental cost of 911,373 JPY (6,528 USD), an incremental effectiveness of 0.79 QALY, and an ICER of 1,146,745 JPY (8,215 USD) per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of progressive disease treatment in the Bmab group had the greatest impact on the ICER. According to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the Bmab group had a 94.9% probability of being cost-effective compared with the Cmab group.

Considering a WTP threshold of 7.5 million JPY (approximately 53,700 USD) per QALY, Bmab might be a cost-effective treatment option for patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC in Japan. Further studies on economic evaluations based on personalized drugs and patient selection based on clinical and genetic information are warranted.

Although the characteristics at the invasive tumour front in colorectal cancer (CRC) are simple to assess, they are not included in routine pathology reports because they lack reproducibility and standardisation. In this study, we aimed to validate alternative scoring methods at the invasive tumour front in a large cohort of stage I-III CRC. The retrospective analysis was performed on haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from 538 patients. At the invasive tumour front, tumour characteristics were scored using three alternative methods: the Karamitopoulou method, which evaluates the percentage of infiltrative tumour; the Taskin method, a five-point grading scale; and the tumour growth pattern (TGP) method, which classifies patterns as pushing, intermediate, or infiltrative. For interobserver assessment, the Karamitopoulou and TGP methods showed good agreement while the Taskin method presented fair agreement. High scores with the Karamitopoulou and Taskin methods correlated significantly with adverse prognostic factors, particularly advanced T stage (p < 0.001), N stage (p < 0.001), and the presence of peritoneal involvement (p < 0.001). The survival rate of the TGP method demonstrated that patients with an infiltrative growth pattern had significantly worse CRC survival compared to those with pushing and intermediate growth patterns (p < 0.001) and the TGP method retained its independence as a prognostic factor in multivariable Cox regression analysis only for colon cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). The TGP scoring method is an independent prognostic factor only for colon cancer with simple and inexpensive assessment, underlining its practicality in routine reporting. Additionally, this method could be included as an additional histopathological risk indicator with the potential to guide therapeutic decision making.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) might increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This study aimed to evaluate the risk of MACE in patients with melanoma after ICI initiation.

We conducted a before-after cohort study using claims data from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. We included adult patients with melanoma who received any approved ICI between 2011 and 2021 with a minimum of 12 months of observable data before ICI. The main outcome was time to first MACE (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure hospitalization) and rate of MACE before and after ICI, ascertained using International Classification of Diseases, 9th/10th Revision diagnostic codes. Hazard ratio (HR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) were calculated.

We identified 4024 patients with ICI-treated melanoma. Mean age was 67.4 years (SD 14.1), 36% were women; 3066 (76.2%) received monotherapy and 958 (23.8%) combination immunotherapy. A total of 160 (4%) patients had a MACE before ICI and 224 (5.6%) after ICI (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.47-2.12). MACE rate in the year before ICI was 56.16 per 1000 person-years compared with 80.91 per 1000 person-years the year after ICI (IRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.21-1.72). Ten cases of myocarditis were observed after ICI, 50% of them had a MACE. Risk factors associated with MACE after ICI were prior MACE, other cardiovascular conditions, hypertension, and older age. Glucocorticoid use was not associated with MACE.

Our results suggest that ICI might increase the risk of MACE in patients with melanoma during the first year after ICI.

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Node-RADS scoring system in assessing metastatic lymph node (LN) involvement in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a critical factor for treatment planning and prognosis.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 HNSCC patients who underwent preoperative MRI and lymph node dissection. Two radiologists independently evaluated the MRI scans using the Node-RADS system, and the results were compared with postoperative histopathological findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of Node-RADS were calculated, considering LNs with Node-RADS scores of 4 and 5 as positive. LN features such as size, texture, necrosis, border irregularity, and shape were analyzed for their correlation with metastatic involvement. Irregular/ill-defined borders were also evaluated for the detection of Extranodal extension (ENE+).

Out of 118 LNs assessed, 26 (22.03 %) were metastatic (N+), and 8 (7.78 %) were ENE+. Node-RADS demonstrated a sensitivity of 61.54 %, specificity of 89.69 %, PPV of 76.19 %, NPV of 89.69 %, and an overall accuracy of 87.29 %. Significant correlations were observed between LN characteristics like necrosis, border irregularity, shape, and histopathological results (p < 0.0001).

The Node-RADS system exhibited high specificity and accuracy in identifying metastatic LNs in HNSCC patients, making it a promising tool for standardizing preoperative imaging assessments. However, further studies are needed to validate its application and improve its integration with advanced imaging techniques for enhanced diagnostic precision.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer treatment by providing innovative solutions through nanocancer therapies, nanovaccines, and nanoparticles. This review focuses on the application of these technologies in colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting their progression from preclinical studies to clinical trials. Nanoparticles, including liposomes, silica, gold, and lipid nanoparticles, possess unique properties that enhance drug delivery, improve therapeutic efficacy, and minimize systemic toxicity. Additionally, nanovaccines are being developed to elicit robust immune responses against CRC cells. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanotechnology-based treatments for CRC, emphasizing key preclinical studies and clinical trials that demonstrate their potential. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges faced in this field. It outlines future directions for research, underscoring the need for ongoing efforts to translate these promising technologies into practical clinical applications.

In China, most colorectal cancer patients aged 65 years and above often suffer from poor psychological states, including high levels of anxiety and depression, as well as low resilience, due to the disease and its related symptoms. Analyzing the heterogeneity of anxiety, depression, and resilience in these patients can help intervene timely to improve their psychological well-being and prognosis. It was a cross-sectional study, and participants were recruited at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine the optimal latent profile model, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the differences across each latent profile, multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors. 221 older colorectal cancer patients were identified and classified as low negative emotions and high resilience (49.8%), medium negative emotions, low and unstable resilience (30.8%) and high negative emotions and medium resilience (19.4%). There were significant differences in the scores of anxiety, depression, resilience and social support among these patients. Multinomial logistic regression showed that age, gender, marital status, employment, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, degree of differentiation, and social support were influential in these three profiles. Three heterogeneous subgroups of anxiety, depression, and resilience were identified among older patients with colorectal cancer.

The study aims to examine the effects of a web-based Family-Centered Empowerment Model based educational intervention given to parents of children with oncological problems on caregiving ability, self-efficacy, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and stress.

The present study used a parallel-group, randomized, controlled, single-blind experimental design. Participants (n = 76) were divided into two groups: intervention (I = 38) and control (C = 38). The intervention group participated in an eight-week web-based empowerment program. Data were collected before, after, and 1 month after the training using the Information Form, Scale for Assessing the Ability of Family Members Providing Care to Cancer Patients, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square, Fisher Exact test, independent samples t-test, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni analyses.

It was determined that the care ability and self-efficacy mean scores of the parents in the intervention group increased compared to the control group, while the self-esteem and depression, anxiety, and stress mean scores decreased.

Web-based empowerment program is an effective method for improving parents' caregiving abilities, increasing their self-efficacy and self-esteem, and reducing depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

In the management of this process, which is more difficult than other diseases, the web-based AMGM-based training program is an easy-to-implement and effective care approach that primarily aims to empower the caregiver. In addition, the developed website is a practical guide that parents can use at home to manage the problems they encounter.

Cancer is a significant public health concern in Chile, with breast and lung cancers being among the most common and deadly types. Informal caregivers provide essential healthcare procedures and physical, emotional, and financial support to cancer patients, taking on significant responsibilities they must balance with their lives. Many of these responsibilities are directly related to healthcare and patient care processes, so the healthcare system is critical to the caregiver's experience. This study aims to identify health system barriers in the healthcare of lung and breast cancer patients through the voice of informal caregivers in Chile.

An exploratory qualitative case study design was used, following the COREQ criteria. Twenty informal caregivers of adult breast and lung cancer patients were recruited from different regions of Chile through snowball sampling and online outreach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between March and June 2023. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis guided by Tanahashi's effective coverage framework, which focuses on four dimensions of healthcare access: availability, accessibility, acceptability, and contact. Atlas.ti software was used for coding and thematic organization.

Caregivers reported significant barriers across the four dimensions: (i) availability, lack of medical equipment and home care resources, especially in public hospitals; (ii) accessibility, long wait times, fragmented care across institutions, and high out-of-pocket costs, particularly for those outside the public health insurance (FONASA) coverage; (iii) acceptability, inadequate communication from healthcare providers, with limited information on diagnosis and prognosis; (iv) contact, poor continuity of care, with a lack of coordination between healthcare providers, leading to feelings of isolation and frustration among caregivers.

The study reveals critical gaps in Chile's healthcare system. Caregivers play an essential role in patient care but receive insufficient support from the healthcare system. Addressing the identified barriers, including improving communication, coordination, and support for caregivers, is crucial for achieving better healthcare outcomes and reducing disparities in cancer care. These findings have significant implications for policymakers, highlighting the need for reforms to support caregivers and enhance the cancer care continuum in Chile.

This study aimed to identify the determinants of postoperative overall survival in Asian patients with colon cancer and to establish a prognostic nomogram model.

The study included colon cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015, sourced from the SEER database as well as an external cohort from Yixing No.2 People's Hospital. Records with incomplete data on predetermined variables were excluded. The SEER dataset of eligible Asian postoperative colon cancer cases was split into a training set and a validation set with a 7:3 ratio. Prognostic factors affecting overall survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses on the training set. A prognostic nomogram was developed with the R software package, and its predictive accuracy was evaluated in training, validation and external cohorts using ROC curves and calibration plots. Concordance index (C-index) and area under curves (AUCs) were also calculated, while decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to examine the clinical utility.

Based on the criteria, 8738 cases from the SEER database were deemed suitable for analysis, and were divided into a training set (6118 cases) and a validation set (2620 cases) with a 7:3 ratio. An external cohort consisting of 73 cases with colon cancer was collected for external validation. The Cox regression analysis revealed that factors such as age, gender, marital status, histological type, grade classification, AJCC_T stage, AJCC_N stage, AJCC_M stage, CEA levels, and chemotherapy significantly influenced OS (P<0.05). These factors were incorporated into the nomogram, which demonstrated a C-index of 0.775 (95% CI: 0.766-0.784) for predicting OS in the training set, a C-index of 0.774 (95% CI: 0.760-0.787) in the validation set, and a C-index of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.698-0.828) in the external cohort. The nomogram was validated with good accuracy and clinical utility across three datasets.

This study identified several independent prognostic factors influencing the postoperative overall survival of Asian colon cancer patients, including age, gender, marital status, histological type, grade classification, AJCC_T, AJCC_N, and AJCC_M stages, CEA levels, and chemotherapy. The constructed prognostic model showed good discrimination and accuracy, offering clinicians an individualized tool for survival predictions.

Early cancer detection is crucial for improving patient survival rates. However, current single-biomarker detection methods often face challenges, such as insufficient sensitivity, poor accuracy, and false positives. To address these issues, we report a dual-functionalized glass micropipet sensor (DFMS) capable of simultaneously detecting two cancer biomarkers, nucleic acids and proteins. The inner surface of the sensor is functionalized with amino-modified silicon nanowires (SiNWs) to capture disease-related miRNAs, enabling ionic-current-based detection, while the outer surface is decorated with gold nanoparticles to anchor specific protein aptamers for Raman-based detection. This dual-functionalization significantly enhances the sensitivity and selectivity by combining ionic current amplification with plasmonic Raman signal enhancement. The sensor achieves detection limits of 1 aM for miRNAs and 0.001 ng/mL for proteins, with minimal mutual interference between the two detection modes, ensuring accurate and independent detection. Validation with prostate cancer biomarkers miRNA-1246 and PSA, as well as gastric cancer biomarkers miRNA-106a and CD44, demonstrates its outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and broad applicability, providing a novel approach for early cancer detection with significant clinical implications.

Benzo[a]pyrene, as the primary component of air pollutants, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As an m6A reader that facilitates mRNA translation, YTHDF1 serves as a crucial regulator in tumor progression. Therefore, we established Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)-induced bronchial epithelial malignant transformed cells (HBE-P35) to simulate the precancerous lesions of NSCLC and investigated the regulatory axis of YTHDF1 in both HBE-P35 and A549 lung cancer cells. A high level of m6A expression was detected in both HBE-P35 and A549 cells. Over-expression of YTHDF1 was observed in NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. TMT labeling-based proteomic analysis and clinical lung tissue microarray assays demonstrated that CDK6 and MAP3K6 were positively correlated with YTHDF1 expression. MeRIP and RIP analyses revealed that YTHDF1 mediates the m6A-dependent regulation of CDK6 and MAP3K6 protein expression. The acquisition and deletion of miR-139/145-5p, along with luciferase reporter gene assays, demonstrated that miR-139-5p can target YTHDF1. Therefore, we conclude that YTHDF1 regulates CDK6 and MAP3K6 through m6A in B[a]P-induced HBE-P35 and A549 cells, providing a potential target for lung cancer treatment.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterised by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It is closely associated with many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, tumours, and neurological diseases. The use of natural chemicals to modulate ferroptosis is of great concern because of the critical role ferroptosis plays in disease. The main active ingredient in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is the most abundant catechin in green tea. EGCG shows a wide range of biological and therapeutic effects in various diseases, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and cardioprotective.

The purpose of this article is to summarise the existing information on the relationship between EGCG and ferroptosis.

Articles related to EGCG and ferroptosis were searched in PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the literature was analysed.

EGCG could improve ferroptosis-related diseases and affect the development of ferroptosis by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, autophagy, microRNA, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, and protein kinase D1 signalling pathways.

Endometrial cancer poses a significant public health challenge globally. With an increasing incidence, understanding end-of-life outcomes becomes crucial in navigating this landscape. This study aims to explore disparities in endometrial cancer death locations across demographic and geographic parameters.

Using the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention - Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, data on endometrial cancer deaths were retrieved and analysed. Logistic and linear regression models were employed to identify predictors and trends in place of death.

The study identified 90,140 endometrial cancer deaths from 1999 to 2020. Age-specific analysis revealed higher mortality rates in the 64-75 years age group. Geographically, the South reported the highest mortality rates. White individuals exhibited higher death rates across all settings. Age, race, and geographic disparities were evident in endometrial cancer death locations.

Understanding end-of-life outcomes in endometrial cancer is crucial for improving patient care. Tailored interventions addressing demographic and geographic disparities are essential for ensuring equitable and dignified end-of-life care for individuals with endometrial cancer.

The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the current practice of patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments in trials investigating treatment with BRAF inhibitors in patients with advanced melanomas. In addition, we extracted information on symptomatic adverse events (AEs) reported by clinicians to inform future PRO measurement strategies. For our systematic scoping review, we investigated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating treatment with BRAF inhibitors that had a primary, secondary or exploratory PRO endpoint and were indexed on PubMed. Two independent reviewers extracted information on general RCT characteristics, clinical results (e.g. survival, treatment response and symptomatic AEs) and the PRO measurement and results. Quality of PRO reporting using the CONSORT-PRO checklist was also assessed. We identified nine RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria, in which PROs were secondary or exploratory endpoints. In all trials but one, PROs were measured with the generic EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The quality of PRO reporting showed substantial variation across the different types of information, with information on handling of missing data and on PRO hypotheses lacking most frequently. Our analysis identified 29 relevant symptomatic AEs that could be reported directly by patients. Our findings may inform the planning of the PRO component of future RCTs, in particular regarding what symptoms and AEs should be covered by PRO measures to provide a comprehensive assessment of treatment tolerability. Our results also indicate a need for improving the quality of PRO reporting, to maximize the impact of PRO findings in real-word practice.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib (BPI-7711) and gefitinib as first-line therapies in patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study (REZOR) included eligible patients from 50 hospitals across China. Those who had been histologically or cytologically confirmed as having NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 Leu858Arg mutation by central laboratory were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once daily either rezivertinib 180 mg or gefitinib 250 mg, until unacceptable toxicity occurred, disease progression, or other treatment discontinuation criteria were met. Each cycle lasted for 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival evaluated by masked independent central review (MICR) in the intention-to-treat set. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03866499 and follow-up is ongoing.

Between July 15, 2019, and Feb 14, 2022, 695 patients were screened. Among them, 369 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either rezivertinib 180 mg/day plus placebo (n=184) or gefitinib 250 mg/day plus placebo (n=185) in a 1:1 ratio; all of eligible participants were included in the intention-to-treat set. Median MICR-assessed progression-free survival was 19·3 months (95% CI 13·8-22·1) in the rezivertinib group and 9·6 months (8·4-11·3) in the gefitinib group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·48, 95% CI 0·36-0·63; p<0·0001) and the prespecified subgroup efficacy analysis showed consistent results. Median duration of exposure was 16·0 months (95% CI 0·0-29·7) in the rezivertinib group and 11·0 months (0·0-28·9) in the gefitinib group. Grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events (82 [45%] of 184 in the rezivertinib group; 80 [43%] of 185 in the gefitinib group) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs; 43 [23%] of 184 in the rezivertinib group; 43 [23%] of 185 in the gefitinib group) were similar in both groups. One patient died from a TRAE in the rezivertinib group, due to pneumonia and interstitial lung disease.

Our findings suggested that rezivertinib is a potential choice for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC as first-line therapy, owing to the superior overall efficacy and subgroup progression-free survival compared with gefitinib in targeted patients. No new safety signals were identified.

Beta Pharma (Shanghai) and the China National Science and Technology Major Project for Key New Drug Development.

In this study, we aimed to investigate disparities in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) between primary and metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA- seq ) and to identify metastasis-related T cell marker genes (MRTMGs) for predicting patient survival using machine learning techniques. We identified 6 distinct T cell clusters in 10×scRNA-seq data utilizing the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) algorithm. Four machine learning algorithms highlighted SRGN, PMEL, GPR143, EIF4A2, and DSP as pivotal MRTMGs, forming the foundation of the MRTMGs signature. A high MRTMGs signature was found to be correlated with poorer overall survival (OS) and suppression of antitumor immunity in MM patients. We developed a nomogram that combines the MRTMGs signature with the T stage and N stage, which accurately predicts 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS probabilities. Furthermore, in an immunotherapy cohort, a high MRTMG signature was associated with an unfavorable response to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. In conclusion, primary and metastatic MM display distinct TME landscapes with different T cell subsets playing crucial roles in metastasis. The MRTMGs signature, established through machine learning, holds potential as a valuable biomarker for predicting the survival of MM patients and their response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

The lung is one of the most common sites of metastases from extra-thoracic neoplasms. Lung metastases can show heterogeneous imaging appearance, thus mimicking a wide range of lung diseases, from benign lesions to primary lung cancer. The proper interpretation of pulmonary findings is crucial for prognostic assessment and treatment planning, even to avoid unnecessary procedures and patient anxiety. For this purpose, computed tomography (CT) is one of the most used imaging modalities. In the last decades, cancer patients' population has steadily increased and, due to the widespread application of CT for staging and surveillance, the detection of pulmonary nodules has raised, making their characterization and management an urgent and mostly unsolved problem for both radiologists and clinicians. This review will highlight the pathways of dissemination of extra-thoracic tumours to the lungs and the heterogeneous CT imaging appearance of pulmonary metastases, providing useful clues to properly address the diagnosis. Furthermore, we will deal with the promising applications of radiomics in this field. Finally, a focus on the hot-topic of pulmonary nodule management in patients with extra-thoracic neoplasms (ETNs) will be discussed.

Breast cancer (BC) is a predominant malignancy globally, surpassing lung cancer in terms of diagnostic frequency, with an escalating incidence rate in recent decades. Recent studies have investigated the role of protein kinase C zeta (PRKCZ) in diverse cellular processes in cancer biology. In this study, we evaluated the association between PRKCZ and deleterious outcomes in BC and elucidated the mechanisms underlying its expression in breast carcinoma.

The correlation between PRKCZ and survival rates of patients with BC was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The methylation status of the PRKCZ promoter was analyzed using the UALCAN database. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PRKCZ inactivation in BC by treatment with transferase inhibitors, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, western blotting, and luciferase reporter gene assays. The degree of methylation and expression levels of PRKCZ, as regulated by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), were quantified using quantitative PCR and western blotting.

Our analysis revealed that decreased expression of PRKCZ in BC was significantly correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Furthermore, we observed that hypermethylation of the PRKCZ promoter contributed to its reduced expression in BC. Notably, DNMT1 has been identified as a critical regulator of PRKCZ methylation.

Our findings elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of PRKCZ and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its downregulation in BC.