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Muensterer OJ. Magnets in Paediatric Surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2025; 60:162042. [PMID: 39489680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.162042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Magnetism, recognized in ancient Greece and China, is a fundamental physical force influencing numerous domains, including medicine and surgery. Historically, the medical use of magnets dates back over two millennia. As proof, the ancient Sanskrit medical textbook Sushruta Samhita describes the removal of a metallic arrow lodged in the flesh with a magnet. Modern uses span from diagnostic to therapeutic applications, including in paediatric surgery. High-field magnetism, utilized in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), shows promise for various medical conditions, including depression and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite controversy surrounding low-field magnetism, its potential remains a topic of interest. One of the applications in paediatric surgery that has been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial is magnetic acupuncture for supplementary treatment of postoperative pain. As most paediatric surgeons are well aware, the use of magnets also poses risks, particularly in children, where ingested magnets can cause severe gastrointestinal complications. Regulations have tightened in response to increasing cases of magnet ingestion-related injuries but more needs to be done to avoid injury. Currently, magnets play crucial roles in a variety of medical applications, including magnetic cell sorting and therapeutic devices. Notably, magnetic compression anastomosis, which uses magnets to facilitate luminal tissue joining, have seen significant advancements. Innovations include devices for oesophageal atresia repair, with recent studies showing promising results in animal models and early clinical trials. Future research should focus on optimizing magnetic devices, expanding their applications, and ensuring safety. The continued exploration of magnetism's effects on living tissues and the development of new magnetic technologies could revolutionize medical and surgical practices, particularly in paediatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Muensterer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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O'Shea D, Quinn E, Middlesworth W, Khlevner J. Diagnosis and Management of Long-term Gastrointestinal Complications in Pediatric Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2025; 27:16. [PMID: 39998690 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-025-00968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) causes gastrointestinal (GI) complications that can begin in infancy and extend into adulthood. The etiology of these is frequently multifactorial, and they can adversely affect feeding, growth, respiratory health, and overall quality of life. This review highlights the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary surveillance, and individualized treatment strategies to effectively manage these complications and improve long-term outcomes for affected children. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have focused on the development of evidence-based surveillance protocols to optimally manage the numerous observed EA/TEF-associated digestive complications. Many of these complications stem from the combination of gastroesophageal dysmotility and mechanical obstruction inherent to EA/TEF and its surgical management, and include gastroesophageal reflux disease, feeding difficulties, dysphagia, eosinophilic esophagitis, and pulmonary consequences of aspiration. Management of GI complications in children with EA/TEF requires careful, multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment, incorporating dietary modifications, feeding therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical and endoscopic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia O'Shea
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elle Quinn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Speech-Language Pathology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Middlesworth
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Khlevner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Hall A, Emil S, Elhafid M, Guadagno E, Kattini C, Keijzer R, Klapman S, Laberge JM, Livingston M, Puligandla P, Nasr A, Snarr P, Youssef F, Zani A. The Canadian Experience With Magnetic Esophageal Anastomosis: A Report From the Canadian Consortium for Research in Pediatric Surgery Study (CanCORPS). J Pediatr Surg 2025:162150. [PMID: 39824744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.162150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic anastomosis is an innovative technique for establishing esophageal continuity in infants born with esophageal atresia. Few case series featuring this technology have been published, with even fewer reports on complications. We present the entire Canadian experience with this approach. METHODS A nationwide retrospective review of all esophageal atresia patients treated with magnetic anastomoses in Canada was conducted through the Canadian Consortium for Research in Pediatric Surgery (CanCORPS). RESULTS Magnetic anastomoses were attempted in nine patients including four Type A, two Type B, and three Type C. The median pre-operative esophageal gap was 2.9 cm (range 0.0-5.5 cm). In four patients, magnetic anastomosis was used as a salvage technique, after failed attempted primary repair. Seven patients (78 %) achieved esophageal patency after magnet insertion. Strictures developed in all successful cases and required a median of 10 dilatations (range 3-16). In one patient with a failed anastomosis, the proximal magnet perforated the proximal esophageal pouch, while in the second case, the magnets failed to couple together. One patient had an anastomosis form but required operative intervention shortly afterwards to both revise the anastomosis and address a missed proximal fistula. CONCLUSION In the Canadian experience, magnetic anastomosis was successful in establishing esophageal continuity in most patients. However, all patients developed strictures requiring multiple dilatations, and there was a substantial risk of complications requiring additional operative procedures. Further refinement of this technique may establish magnetic anastomosis as another tool for the pediatric surgeon treating long-gap and other challenging cases of esophageal atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hall
- Jim Pattison Children's Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Sherif Emil
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Db Decarie, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Melanie Elhafid
- Jim Pattison Children's Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Db Decarie, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Cesar Kattini
- The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Richard Keijzer
- The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0Z3, Canada.
| | - Sarah Klapman
- McMaster Children's Hospital, 1200 Main St, West Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Martin Laberge
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Db Decarie, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Michael Livingston
- McMaster Children's Hospital, 1200 Main St, West Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Pramod Puligandla
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Db Decarie, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Nasr
- The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Phillip Snarr
- The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0Z3, Canada.
| | - Fouad Youssef
- The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0Z3, Canada.
| | - Augusto Zani
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang G, Liang Z, Zhao G, Zhang S. Endoscopic application of magnetic compression anastomosis: a review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1256-1266. [PMID: 38638082 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a new method that provides sutureless passage construction for tubular organs. Due to the high recurrence rate of conventional endoscopic treatment and the high morbidity and mortality of surgical procedures, the MCA technique shows promise. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the literature related to the use of MCA in different gastrointestinal diseases over the past few years, categorizing them according to the anastomotic site and describing in detail the various methods of magnet delivery and the clinical outcomes of MCA. MCA is an innovative technique, and its use represents an advancement in the field of minimally invasive interventions. Comparison studies have shown that the anastomosis formed by MCA is comparable to or better than surgical sutures in terms of general appearance and histology. Although most of the current research has involved animal studies or studies with small populations, the safety and feasibility of MCA have been preliminarily demonstrated. Large prospective studies involving populations are still needed to guarantee the security of MCA. For technologies that have been initially used in clinical settings, effective measures should also be implemented to identify, even prevent, complications. Furthermore, specific commercial magnets must be created and optimized in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Izadi S, Smithers J, Shieh HF, Demehri FR, Mohammed S, Hamilton TE, Zendejas B. The History and Legacy of the Foker Process for the Treatment of Long Gap Esophageal Atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1222-1227. [PMID: 38184432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Historically, children afflicted with long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) had few options, either esophageal replacement or a life of gastrostomy feeds. In 1997, John Foker from Minnesota revolutionized the treatment of LGEA. His new procedure focused on "traction-induced growth" when the proximal and distal esophageal segments were too far apart for primary repair. Foker's approach involved placement of pledgeted sutures on both esophageal pouches connected to an externalized traction system which could be serially tightened, allowing for tension-induced esophageal growth and a delayed primary repair. Despite its potential, the Foker process was received with criticism and disbelief, and to this day, controversy remains regarding its mechanism of action - esophageal growth versus stretch. Nonetheless, early adopters such as Rusty Jennings of Boston embraced Foker's central principle that "one's own esophagus is best" and was instrumental to the implementation and rise in popularity of the Foker process. The downstream effects of this emphasis on esophageal preservation would uncover the need for a focused yet multidisciplinary approach to the many challenges that EA children face beyond "just the esophagus", leading to the first Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center for children. Consequently, the development of new techniques for the multidimensional care of the LGEA child evolved such as the posterior tracheopexy for associated tracheomalacia, the supercharged jejunal interposition, as well as minimally invasive internalized esophageal traction systems. We recognize the work of Foker and Jennings as key catalysts of an era of esophageal preservation and multidisciplinary care of children with EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Izadi
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Smithers
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Farokh R Demehri
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Somala Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Hamilton
- Division of General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pérez-Bertólez S, Godoy-Lenz J. Primary repair of esophageal atresia Gross type C via thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis: Is it the best option? World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1474-1481. [PMID: 38817291 PMCID: PMC11135306 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i5.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic compression anastomosis is a promising treatment option for patients with complex esophageal atresia; but, at the present time, should not be the first therapeutic option in those cases where the surgeon can perform a primary anastomosis of the two ends of the esophagus with acceptable tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pérez-Bertólez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sant Joan de Deu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Jorge Godoy-Lenz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Clínica Alemana of Santiago, Santiago 7650568, Chile
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Lee WG, Evans LL, Chen CS, Fuchs JR, Zamora IJ, Bruzoni M, Harrison MR, Muensterer OJ. Lessons Learned From the First-In-Human Compassionate Use of Connect-EA™ in Ten Patients With Esophageal Atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:437-444. [PMID: 37838619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delayed primary repair of esophageal atresia in patients with high-risk physiologic and anatomic comorbidities remains a daunting challenge with an increased risk for peri-operative morbidity and mortality via conventional repair. The Connect-EA device facilitates the endoscopic creation of a secure esophageal anastomosis. This follow-up study reports our long-term outcomes with the novel esophageal magnetic compression anastomosis (EMCA) Connect-EA device for EA repair, as well as lessons learned from the ten first-in-human cases. We propose an algorithm to maximize the advantages of the device for EA repair. METHODS Under compassionate use approval, from June 2019 to December 2022, ten patients with prohibitive surgical or medical risk factors underwent attempted EMCA with this device. All patients underwent prior gastrostomy, tracheoesophageal fistula ligation (if necessary), and demonstrated pouch apposition prior to EMCA. RESULTS Successful device deployment and EMCA formation were achieved in nine patients (90%). Mean time to anastomosis formation was 8 days (range 5-14) and the device was retrieved endoscopically in five (56%) cases. At median follow-up of 22 months (range 4-45), seven patients (78%) are tolerating oral nutrition. Balloon dilations (median 4, range 1-11) were performed either prophylactically for radiographic asymptomatic anastomotic narrowing (n = 7, 78%) or to treat clinically-significant anastomotic narrowing (n = 2, 22%) with no ongoing dilations at 3-month follow up post-repair. CONCLUSION EMCA with the Connect-EA device is a safe and feasible minimally-invasive alterative for EA repair in high-risk surgical patients. Promising post-operative outcomes warrant further Phase I investigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, Case series of novel operative technique without comparison group.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren L Evans
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Caressa S Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julie R Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Irving J Zamora
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way 7th Floor, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matias Bruzoni
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oliver J Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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Liang NE, Lin S, Slater BJ, Bruzoni M. Use of magnets in pediatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg 2024; 33:151381. [PMID: 38194748 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2024.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, magnets have been progressively harnessed for use in minimally invasive treatment of pediatric surgical disease. In particular, multiple magnetic devices have been developed for treating esophageal atresia, pectus excavatum and scoliosis. These devices, which can be placed via small incisions or under endoscopic or fluoroscopic guidance, provide the added benefit of sparing patients multiple large, invasive procedures, and allowing for gradual correction of congenital anomalies over days to months, depending on the disease. In the following text, we detail the current landscape of magnetic devices used by pediatric surgeons, illustrate their use through clinical cases, and review the available body of literature with respect their outcomes and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah E Liang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB-425, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Saunders Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bethany J Slater
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matias Bruzoni
- Texas Children's Hospital Austin, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Austin, TX, USA
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Krishnan N, Pakkasjärvi N, Kainth D, Danielson J, Verma A, Yadav DK, Goel P, Anand S. Role of Magnetic Compression Anastomosis in Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: A Systematic Review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2023; 33:1223-1230. [PMID: 37603306 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is an alternative technique for patients with long-gap esophageal atresia (EA). It allows for preservation of the native esophagus. We aimed to systematically summarize the current literature on MCA in EA. Methods: Studies where neonates with EA were treated with MCA devices were included, while studies on esophageal stenosis were excluded. All clinical studies, including comparative studies, case series, and case reports, were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality assessment was performed using a validated tool. Results: Twelve studies with a total of 42 patients were included in this review. There was a wide variation among these studies with regard to the time of initiation of MCA (1 day to 7 months), procedure time (13-320 minutes), and magnet characteristics (strength, size, and shape of the magnets used). The time to achieve anastomosis ranged from 1 to 12 days. Stricture at the anastomotic site was reported in almost all the patients, which required multiple endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Stent placement for refractory stricture was required in 9 (21%) patients, and surgery for stricture was required in 6 (14%) patients. Long-term outcomes included esophageal dysmotility (n = 3) and recurrent pulmonary infections (n = 3) were reported in only four studies. Conclusion: As per the findings of this review, neonates with long-gap EA undergoing MCA would invariably require multiple sittings of endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Also, there is a wide variation among the included studies in terms of the procedure of MCA. Future studies with a standardized procedure for achieving MCA are needed to determine additional outcomes in this fragile patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellai Krishnan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niklas Pakkasjärvi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepika Kainth
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Johan Danielson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabudh Goel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachit Anand
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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O'Shea D, Schmoke N, Porigow C, Murray LP, Chung WK, Kattan M, Jang M, Antosy A, Middlesworth W, Khlevner J. Recent Advances in the Genetic Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:703-712. [PMID: 37771007 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Infants born with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, a complex congenital malformation occurring in 1/2500-4000 live births, may suffer threats to their cardiac, respiratory, and digestive health in addition to anomalies that may exist in the genitourinary and musculoskeletal systems. Optimal care for these patients throughout their lives is best achieved through a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach that our health care system is not always well-equipped to provide. This review, though not exhaustive, highlights the components of care that pertain to initial surgical reconstruction and subsequent diagnosis and management of the complications that are most frequently encountered. Authors from among the many specialties involved in the care of these patients summarize the current best practice with attention to the most recent advances. Assessment and improvement of quality of life and transition to adult specialists as children grow to adulthood is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia O'Shea
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas Schmoke
- the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Chloe Porigow
- the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Laurie P Murray
- the Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- the Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Meyer Kattan
- the Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Minyoung Jang
- the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Antosy
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - William Middlesworth
- the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Julie Khlevner
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
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Lukish JT, Williams K, Shah A, Mon R, Lukish JR. The Novel Use of Rare Earth Magnets for the Extraction of Metallic Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies in Children. Surg Innov 2023; 30:571-575. [PMID: 36916247 DOI: 10.1177/15533506231158209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metallic foreign bodies (mFB) are common following penetrating injuries in children. The mFB commonly occur in the head and neck region and extremity soft tissues. Removal may be indicated due to morbidity related to pain or migration. Extraction can be challenging to localize, often requiring wide exposure, and may be difficult to achieve in cosmetically sensitive areas. Different technological adjuncts have been used to facilitate foreign body removal including fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and more recently in adults, surgical magnets. The most powerful commercially available magnets are rare earth magnets comprised of neodymium iron and boron (Ndy). With the goal of reducing radiation exposure and the morbidity of mFB removal with associated soft tissue injury in children, a strategy was introduced utilizing Ndy to optimize extraction with minimal soft tissue surgical dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two children with extremity mFB treated with Ndy between January 2021 and July 2021 were analyzed. We utilized commercially available ring type neodymium-iron-boron magnets with dimensions of 1 3/8-inch outer diameter x 1/8-inch inner diameter and 1/16 inch thick with a power of 13 200 gauss that were processed for use according to our hospital protocols. Our main clinical indication was for the detection and retrieval of small ferromagnetic foreign bodies embedded in superficial extremity soft tissues. RESULTS In the operating room under general anesthesia, the mFB were localized utilizing fluoroscopy. A 1.0 cm skin incision was made into the subdermal soft tissues overlying the area of the mFB. No surgical tissue dissection was performed. The mFB could not be visualized in the soft tissue. Using fluoroscopy to localize the mFB, the Ndy was then placed into the wound in close proximity to the mFB. The mFB were immediately magnetized to the Ndy and the mFB were extracted from the soft tissues without any further surgical dissection. Two simple interrupted nylon sutures were placed to close the incision. The total operative time was 2 and 2.5 minutes respectively. The children recovered uneventfully and are without complication. CONCLUSIONS The use of Ndy to remove extremity soft tissue mFB in children appears to be feasible, safe, and efficient. Use of the Ndy allowed extraction via a small incision, optimizing the aesthetic result and avoiding the need for cross-sectional imaging, extensive surgical dissection, tissue reconstruction and prolonged operative time or x-ray exposure. The development of magnets of increasing energy density may be indicated to further optimize metallic soft tissue foreign body extraction in children in a minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Lukish
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kibileri Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Adil Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Rodrigo Mon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Lukish
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
- Sheik Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington DC, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Zhang MM, Li CG, Xu SQ, Mao JQ, Zhang YH, Shi AH, Li Y, Lyu Y, Yan XP. Magnetic compression anastomosis for reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy in beagle model. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1294-1303. [PMID: 37555127 PMCID: PMC10405115 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i7.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a simple procedure contributing to a reliable anastomosis. However, digestive-tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy using MCA has not yet been reported. AIM To investigate the feasibility of MCA for simultaneous esophagojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy after total gastrectomy using beagle dogs. METHODS Sixteen beagles were randomly divided into an MCA group (study group, n = 8) and a manual-suture anastomosis group (control group, n = 8). Two different magnetic anastomosis devices were used in the study group for esophagojejunal and jejunojejunal anastomoses. Both devices included a pair of circular daughter and parent magnets each. The time of esophagojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy, postoperative complications, and survival rate of the two groups were compared. The dogs were sacrificed one month after the operation and their anastomotic specimens were obtained. Healing was observed by the naked eye and a light microscope. RESULTS Digestive-tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy was successfully completed in both groups (survival rate = 100%). In the study group, esophagojejunal and jejunojejunal anastomoses took 6.13 ± 0.58 and 4.06 ± 0.42 min, respectively, significantly lower than those in the control group (15.63 ± 1.53 min, P < 0.001 and 10.31 ± 1.07 min, P < 0.001, respectively). Complications such as bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and anastomotic stenosis were not observed. In the study group, the magnets did not interfere with each other. Discharge time of the jejunojejunal magnetic anastomosis device was 10.75 ± 1.28 d, while that of the esophagojejunal magnetic anastomosis device was 12.25 ± 1.49 d. Residual silk was found in the control group. The study group showed a greater smoothness of the anastomosis than that of the control group. All layers of anastomosis healed well in both groups. CONCLUSION MCA is a safe and feasible procedure for digestive-tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Guang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu-Qin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Qi Mao
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Qide College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ai-Hua Shi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Lee WG, Evans LL, Johnson SM, Woo RK. The Evolving Use of Magnets in Surgery: Biomedical Considerations and a Review of Their Current Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040442. [PMID: 37106629 PMCID: PMC10136001 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel use of magnetic force to optimize modern surgical techniques originated in the 1970s. Since then, magnets have been utilized as an adjunct or alternative to a wide array of existing surgical procedures, ranging from gastrointestinal to vascular surgery. As the use of magnets in surgery continues to grow, the body of knowledge on magnetic surgical devices from preclinical development to clinical implementation has expanded significantly; however, the current magnetic surgical devices can be organized based on their core function: serving as a guidance system, creating a new connection, recreating a physiologic function, or utilization of an internal–external paired magnet system. The purpose of this article is to discuss the biomedical considerations during magnetic device development and review the current surgical applications of magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lauren L. Evans
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sidney M. Johnson
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Russell K. Woo
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Conforti A, Pellegrino C, Valfré L, Iacusso C, Schingo PMS, Capolupo I, Sgro' S, Rasmussen L, Bagolan P. Magnamosis for long gap esophageal atresia: Minimally invasive "fatal attraction". J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:405-411. [PMID: 36150933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of study is to report our preliminary experience with magnetic anastomosis (magnamosis) treating long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA), the most challenging condition of esophageal atresia continuum. Magnamosis has been reported in 20 patients worldwide as an innovative and marginally invasive option. METHODS Prospective evaluation of all LGEA patients treated with magnamosis was performed (study registration number: 2535/2021). Main outcomes considered were demographic and surgical features, postoperative complications and feeding within 6-month of follow-up. RESULTS Between June 2020 and January 2021, 5 LGEA patients (Type A, Gross classification) were treated. Median preoperative gap was 5 vertebral bodies. Magnetic bullets were placed at an average age of 81 days of life, leading to successful magnamosis in all cases: 4 infants had primary magnetic repair (one after thoracoscopic mobilization of the pouches), 1 patient had a delayed magnamosis after Foker's procedure. Esophageal anastomosis was achieved after an average of 8 days. No anastomotic leak was found. All patients developed anastomotic stenosis at 6-month follow-up, requiring a mean of 6 dilations each. Full oral feeding was achieved in 3 patients, while 2 were still on oral-gastrostomy feeding. One patient experienced small esophageal perforation after dilation (3 months after magnamosis), distal to the anastomotic stricture and subsequently developed oral aversion. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest magnamosis a safe and effective minimally invasive option in patients with LGEA. Absence of postoperative esophageal leaks may represent a major advantage of magnamosis over conventional surgery, although possible high rate of esophageal stenosis should be further evaluated. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE IV (Case series with no comparison group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conforti
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pellegrino
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Valfré
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Iacusso
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Irma Capolupo
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sgro'
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lars Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Medical and Surgical Dept of the Fetus, Newborn and Infant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, , 4, Piazza S. Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Evans LL, Chen CS, Muensterer OJ, Sahlabadi M, Lovvorn HN, Novotny NM, Upperman JS, Martinez JA, Bruzoni M, Dunn JCY, Harrison MR, Fuchs JR, Zamora IJ. The novel application of an emerging device for salvage of primary repair in high-risk complex esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:810-818. [PMID: 35760639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preservation of native esophagus is a tenet of esophageal atresia (EA) repair. However, techniques for delayed primary anastomosis are severely limited for surgically and medically complex patients at high-risk for operative repair. We report our initial experience with the novel application of the Connect-EA, an esophageal magnetic compression anastomosis device, for salvage of primary repair in 2 high-risk complex EA patients. Compassionate use was approved by the FDA and treating institutions. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE Two approaches using the Connect-EA are described - a totally endoscopic approach and a novel hybrid operative approach. To our knowledge, this is the first successful use of a hybrid operative approach with an esophageal magnetic compression device. OUTCOMES Salvage of delayed primary anastomosis was successful in both patients. The totally endoscopic approach significantly reduced operative time and avoided repeat high-risk operation. The hybrid operative approach salvaged delayed primary anastomosis and avoided cervical esophagostomy. CONCLUSION The Connect-EA is a novel intervention to achieve delayed primary esophageal repair in complex EA patients with high-risk tissue characteristics and multi-system comorbidities that limit operative repair. We propose a clinical algorithm for use of the totally endoscopic approach and hybrid operative approach for use of the Connect-EA in high-risk complex EA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Evans
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Caressa S Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Oliver J Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sahlabadi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Harold N Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way 7th Floor, Nashville TN 37212 USA
| | - Nathan M Novotny
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Beaumont Children's, 3535W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
| | - Jeffrey S Upperman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way 7th Floor, Nashville TN 37212 USA
| | - J Andres Martinez
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville TN 37232 USA
| | - Matias Bruzoni
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0570, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Julie R Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Irving J Zamora
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way 7th Floor, Nashville TN 37212 USA.
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Shieh HF, Jennings RW, Manfredi MA, Ngo PD, Zendejas B, Hamilton TE. Cautionary tales in the use of magnets for the treatment of long gap esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:342-347. [PMID: 34876292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of magnets for the treatment of long gap esophageal atresia or "magnamosis" is associated with increased incidence of anastomotic strictures; however, little has been reported on other complications that may provide insight into refining selection criteria for appropriate use. METHODS A single institution, retrospective review identified three cases referred for treatment after attempted magnamosis with significant complications. Their presentation, imaging, management, and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS All three patients had prior cervical or thoracic surgery to close a tracheoesophageal fistula prior to magnamosis, creating scar tissue that can prevent magnet induced esophageal movement, leading to either magnets not attracting enough or erosion into surrounding structures. Two patients had a reported four centimeter esophageal gap prior to attempted magnamosis, both failing to achieve esophageal anastomosis, suggesting that these gaps were either measured on tension with variability in gap measurement technique, or that the esophageal segments were fixed in position from scar tissue and unable to elongate. One patient had severe tracheobronchomalacia requiring tracheostomy, with improvement in his airway after eventual tracheobronchopexies, highlighting that magnamosis does not address comorbidities often associated with this patient population. CONCLUSIONS We propose the following inclusion criteria and considerations for magnamosis: an esophageal gap truly less than four centimeters off tension with standardized measurement across centers, cautious use with a history of prior thoracic or cervical esophageal surgery, no associated tracheobronchomalacia or great vessel anomaly that would benefit from concurrent repair, and ideally to be used in centers equipped to manage potential complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 501 6th Ave S, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
| | - Russell W Jennings
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael A Manfredi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peter D Ngo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Benjamin Zendejas
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Thomas E Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Xu XH, Lv Y, Liu SQ, Cui XH, Suo RY. Esophageal magnetic compression anastomosis in dogs. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5313-5323. [PMID: 36185631 PMCID: PMC9521523 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a novel suture-free reconstruction of the digestive tract. It has been used in gastrointestinal anastomosis, jejunal anastomosis, cholangioenteric anastomosis and so on. The traditional operative outcomes of congenital esophageal atresia and benign esophageal stricture are poor, and there are too many complications postoperatively. AIM To test MCA technology to reconstruct the esophagus in dogs, prior to studying the feasibility and safety of MCA in humans. METHODS Thirty-six dogs were randomized into either the study or control group (n = 18 per group). The dogs in the study group were subjected to end-to-end esophageal anastomosis with the magnetic compression device, while those in the control group underwent hand-sewn anastomosis with 4-0 absorbable multifilament Vicryl. We used interrupted single-layer inverting sutures. The anastomosis time, gross appearance, weight and pathology of the anastomosis were evaluated at one month, three months and six months postoperatively. RESULTS The anastomosis time of the MCA group was shorter than that of the hand-sewn group (7.5 ± 1.0 min vs 12.5 ± 1.8 min, P < 0.01). In the MCA group, X-ray examination was performed every day to locate the magnetic device in the esophagus before the magnetic device fell off from the esophagus. In the hand-sewn group, dogs did not undergo X-ray examination. One month after the surgeries, the mean weight of the dogs in the hand-sewn group had decreased more than that of the dogs in the MCA group (11.63 ± 0.71 kg vs 12.73 ± 0.80 kg, P < 0.05). At 3 mo and 6 mo after the operation, the dogs' weights were similar between the two groups (13.75 ± 0.84 kg vs 14.03 ± 0.82 kg, 14.93 ± 0.80 kg vs 15.44 ± 0.47 kg). The number of inflammatory cells in MCA group was lower than that in hand-sewn group on 1 mo after operation. CONCLUSION MCA is an effective and safe method for esophageal reconstruction. The anastomosis time of the MCA group was less than that of the hand-sewn group. This study shows that MCA technology may be applied to human esophageal reconstruction, provided these favorable results are confirmed by more publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Yang Suo
- Zonglian College, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Walk RM. Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula. Surg Clin North Am 2022; 102:759-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holler AS, König TT, Chen C, Harrison MR, Muensterer OJ. Esophageal Magnetic Compression Anastomosis in Esophageal Atresia Repair: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Comparison with a Novel Approach. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081113. [PMID: 35892616 PMCID: PMC9394416 DOI: 10.3390/children9081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of magnet compression to endoscopically create an esophageal anastomosis is an intriguing approach to esophageal atresia repair, but published cases with an existing available device have demonstrated mixed success. One major shortcoming has been the formation of subsequent severe, recalcitrant strictures after primary repair. To address the limitations of the existing device, we recently introduced and reported success with specially designed bi-radial magnets that exhibit a novel geometry and unique tissue compression profile. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes using our novel device (novel group, NG) with those of previous reports which utilized the historical device (historic group, HG) in a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Seven studies were eligible for further analysis. Additionally, one of our previously unreported cases was included in the analysis. Esophageal pouch approximation prior to primary repair was performed more frequently in the NG than in the HG (100% NG vs. 21% HG; p = 0.003). There was no difference in the overall postoperative appearance of postoperative stricture (95% HG vs. 100% NG; p = 0.64). The number of postoperative dilatations trended lower in the NG (mean 4.25 NG vs. 9.5 HG; p = 0.051). In summary, magnetic compression anastomosis adds a new promising treatment option for patients with complex esophageal atresia. Prior approximation of pouches and a novel magnet design have the potential to lower the rate of stricture formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Holler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-894-4005-3101
| | - Tatjana Tamara König
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Caressa Chen
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA;
| | - Michael R. Harrison
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA;
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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20
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Sterlin A, Evans L, Mahler S, Lindner A, Dickmann J, Heimann A, Sahlabadi M, Aribindi V, Harrison MR, Muensterer OJ. An experimental study on long term outcomes after magnetic esophageal compression anastomosis in piglets. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:34-40. [PMID: 34656308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that a patent, watertight esophageal anastomosis can be accomplished safely using specially-shaped magnets in piglets. However, it is unclear whether such a magnetic esophageal compression anastomosis (MECA) remains patent in the long-term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of MECA in an experimental pig model over an observation period of 2 months. METHODS Ten piglets underwent creation of an MECA with custom-made 8 mm magnets and a U-shaped esophageal bypass loop to allow peroral nutrition at eight weeks of life. Two weeks later, the bypass loop was closed surgically, requiring the pigs to swallow via the newly created magnetic compression anastomosis. The pigs were fed soft chow for 2 months. They were monitored for weight gain and signs of dysphagia. At the endpoint of two months, esophagoscopy and contrast esophagography was performed. After removal of the esophagus, the tissues were macroscopiocally and histologically assessed. RESULTS Six piglets survived until the endpoint. In two pigs, closure of the bypass loop failed, these demonstrated mean weight gain of 792 gs/day [95% Confidence interval 575 to 1009 gs/day]. Weight gain in four pigs that exclusively fed via the magnetic anastomosis averaged 577 gs/day [95% confidence interval 434 to 719 gs/day (p = 0.18)]. There were no signs of dysphagia. All magnets passed with the stool within 16 days. After 2 months, a well-formed magnetic compression anastomosis was visible and easily negotiated with a 6.5 mm endoscope. Esophogram and macroscopic findings confirmed patentency of the esophageal anastomoses. Histopathology showed a circular anastomosis lined with contiguous epithelium. CONCLUSION MECA creates a long-term functional and patent anastomosis in pigs. This concept may facilitate minimally-invasive esophageal atresia repair by obviating a technically challenging and time-consuming hand-sewn anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sterlin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lauren Evans
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sara Mahler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Dickmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Heimann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sahlabadi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Vamsi Aribindi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; Magnamosis, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Oliver J Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, Munich 80337, Germany.
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21
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Muensterer OJ, Evans LL, Sterlin A, Sahlabadi M, Aribindi V, Lindner A, König T, Harrison MR. Novel Device for Endoluminal Esophageal Atresia Repair: First-in-Human Experience. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-049627. [PMID: 34615695 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracoscopic esophageal atresia (EA) repair affords many benefits to the patient; however, intracorporeal suturing of the anastomosis is technically challenging. Esophageal magnetic compression anastomosis (EMCA) is a compelling option for endoluminal EA repair, but available EMCA devices have prohibitive rates of recalcitrant stricture. Connect-EA is a new endoluminal EMCA device system that employs 2 magnetic anchors with a unique mating geometry designed to reliably create a robust anastomosis and decrease rates of leak and stricture. We describe our first-in-human experience with this novel endoluminal device for staged EA repair in 3 patients (Gross type A, B, and C) at high risk for conventional surgical repair. First, the esophageal pouches were approximated thoracoscopically. After acute tension subsided, the device anchors were endoscopically placed in the esophageal pouches and mated. Anchors were spontaneously excreted in 2 cases. Endoscopic repositioning and retrieval of the anchors were required in 1 patient because of narrowed esophageal anatomy. There were no perioperative complications. Patients were managed for 14 to 18 months. The strictures that developed in the patients were membranous and responded well to dilation alone, resolving after 4 to 5 outpatient dilations. Gastrostomies were closed between 6 and 11 months and all patients are tolerating full oral nutrition. Early experience with this new endoluminal EMCA device system is highly favorable. The device offers considerable benefit over conventional handsewn esophageal anastomosis and anastomotic outcomes are superior to available EMCA devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren L Evans
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander Sterlin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sahlabadi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vamsi Aribindi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana König
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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22
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Advances and Trends in Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123999. [PMID: 33321836 PMCID: PMC7764454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As many meta-analyses comparing pediatric minimally invasive to open surgery can be found in the literature, the aim of this review is to summarize the current state of minimally invasive pediatric surgery and specifically focus on the trends and developments which we expect in the upcoming years. Print and electronic databases were systematically searched for specific keywords, and cross-link searches with references found in the literature were added. Full-text articles were obtained, and eligibility criteria were applied independently. Pediatric minimally invasive surgery is a wide field, ranging from minimally invasive fetal surgery over microlaparoscopy in newborns to robotic surgery in adolescents. New techniques and devices, like natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), single-incision and endoscopic surgery, as well as the artificial uterus as a backup for surgery in preterm fetuses, all contribute to the development of less invasive procedures for children. In spite of all promising technical developments which will definitely change the way pediatric surgeons will perform minimally invasive procedures in the upcoming years, one must bear in mind that only hard data of prospective randomized controlled and double-blind trials can validate whether these techniques and devices really improve the surgical outcome of our patients.
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23
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Kamada T, Ohdaira H, Hoshimoto S, Narihiro S, Suzuki N, Marukuchi R, Takeuchi H, Yoshida M, Yamanouchi E, Suzuki Y. Magnetic compression anastomosis with atypical anastomosis for anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:59. [PMID: 32291530 PMCID: PMC7156530 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is mainly applied in the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts through a nonsurgical procedure that can create an anastomosis similar to that obtained through surgery. Magnets usually adsorb in the end-to-end direction (end-to-end anastomosis), exert a strong magnetic force and create an anastomosis according to the size of the magnets. Regular endoscopic dilation is required to prevent restenosis when the anastomotic size is small. We report a case in which MCA was successfully used to treat anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon; the magnets adsorbed in the side-to-side direction rather than the end-to-end direction and generated a wide anastomosis in a short time that did not require endoscopic dilation. Case presentation An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital to treat anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon for closure of transverse colostomy. Two years prior, the Hartmann operation and drainage were performed at other hospitals due to perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Obstruction of the sigmoid colostomy occurred, and a transverse colostomy was performed. One year after the first surgery, high anterior resection was performed, but anastomotic stenosis occurred, causing obstruction. MCA was planned because the patient had a history of multiple operations and was expected to have strong adhesions postoperatively. MCA was safely performed, but two magnets were accidently adsorbed in the side-to-side direction. The magnet position could not be changed. The two magnets were expected to move and adsorb in an end-to-end direction naturally due to bowel movements. The magnets that adsorbed in the side-to-side direction dropped from the anus 5 days after treatment, and the anastomosis was observed by colonoscopy. Three ileus tubes were placed from the transverse colostomy beyond the anastomosis to prevent restenosis. Colonoscopy showed that the anastomosis diameter was wider than expected at 14 days after treatment, and endoscopic dilation was not necessary. No complications were observed in this patient’s postoperative course. Finally, closure of the patient’s colostomy was successfully performed. Conclusions MCA with side-to-side anastomosis generated a wide anastomosis in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Kamada
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Sojun Hoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narihiro
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Norihiko Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Rui Marukuchi
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
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