Gastric electrical stimulation ameliorates antral myenteric neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic beagle canines

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.117132

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May 15, 2026 (publication date) through May 14, 2026

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. May 15, 2026; 17(5): 117132
Published online May 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.117132

Table 1 Antibodies used for immunofluorescence experiments

Antigen	Host	Code	Dilution	Source
Anti-human neuronal protein HuC/HuD	Mouse	A-21271	1:200	Invitrogen
Choline acetyltransferase	Rabbit	20747-1-AP	1:200	Proteintech
Vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rabbit	Ab22736	1:1000	Abcam
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase	Rabbit	T55342S	1:200	Abmart
Calretinin	Rabbit	AB5054	1:1000	Chemicon
Mouse IgG	Goat tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate	SA00013-3	1:200	Proteintech
Rabbit IgG	Goat fluorescein isothiocyanate	SA00013-2	1:200	Proteintech

IgG: Immunoglobulin G.

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Table 2 Number of ganglia in the antral myenteric plexus between gastric electrical stimulation and sham gastric electrical stimulation in diabetic canines and controls, mean ± SD

Ganglia	Diabetes mellitus (n = 6)			Controls (n = 3)
Ganglia	GES	SGES	P value	GES	SGES	P value
Choline acetyltransferase	16.8 ± 3.0	14.8 ± 2.8	0.292	13.8 ± 3.5	12.3 ± 0.8	0.538
Vasoactive intestinal peptide	16.9 ± 2.7	14.2 ± 3.2	0.130	14.1 ± 3.6	12.5 ± 0.8	0.435
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase	16.1 ± 2.8	14.5 ± 3.1	0.372	14.0 ± 3.9	12.0 ± 0.8	0.539
Calretinin	16.7 ± 2.7	14.8 ± 3.0	0.190	14.4 ± 3.6	11.9 ± 0.5	0.381

GES: Gastric electrical stimulation; SGES: Sham gastric electrical stimulation.

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Citation: Tang P, Wu X, Xi JR, Fu MY, Xue XW, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Yang HE, Fei GJ, Li XQ, Hu CH, Fang XC. Gastric electrical stimulation ameliorates antral myenteric neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic beagle canines. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 117132
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i5/117132.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.117132

Tang P, Wu X, Xi JR, Fu MY, Xue XW, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Yang HE, Fei GJ, Li XQ, Hu CH, Fang XC. Gastric electrical stimulation ameliorates antral myenteric neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic beagle canines. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 117132 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.117132]

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