Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus: Investigation of factors and predictive models for severity progression

doi:10.4239/wjd.124186

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2026; 17(10): 124186
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124186

Table 1 Baseline characteristic comparisons between severe and non-severe groups, n (%)

Baseline characteristics	Total (n = 133)	Severe group (n = 60)	Non-severe group (n = 73)	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	37 (32, 42)	37 (32, 41)	37 (32, 43)	0.435
BMI, kg/m², median (IQR)	27.30 (24.70, 30.00)	28.48 (25.91, 30.56)	26.40 (23.90, 28.80)	0.011^a
Gender	-	-	-	0.386
Male	71 (53.38)	44 (73.33)	27 (36.99)	-
Female	61 (45.86)	16 (26.67)	46 (63.01)	-
Underlying diseases
Hypertension	41 (30.83)	20 (33.33)	21 (28.77)	0.570
Heart disease	2 (1.50)	1 (1.67)	1 (1.37)	1.000
Fatty liver disease	22 (16.54)	6 (10.00)	16 (21.92)	0.066
Social history
Smoking history	48 (36.09)	19 (31.67)	29 (39.73)	0.336
Alcohol use history	51 (38.35)	19 (31.67)	32 (43.84)	0.151

^aIndicate that results are statistically significant.

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index.

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Table 2 Vital sign and laboratory test result comparisons between severe and non-severe groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Severe group (n = 60)	Non-severe group (n = 73)	t/Z/χ²	P value
HR, bpm	119.20 ± 24.70	98.44 ± 21.05	-5.23¹	< 0.001^a
RR, bpm	22.00 (18.00, 32.00)	18.00 (18.00, 20.00)	-3.27²	< 0.001^a
WBC, × 10⁹/L	13.20 ± 7.94	11.48 ± 6.24	-1.40¹	0.163
NLR, × 10⁹/L	9.33 (5.62, 14.17)	6.83 (4.17, 9.78)	-2.44²	0.015^a
Hb, g/L	156.97 ± 31.26	156.74 ± 26.89	-0.05¹	0.964
RDW, %	13.35 (12.88, 14.03)	13.20 (12.80, 13.50)	-1.73²	0.083
PLT, × 10⁹/L	190.00 (159.75, 239.50)	240.00 (198.00, 292.00)	-3.92²	< 0.001^a
PT, second	12.60 ± 1.41	11.92 ± 1.13	-3.08¹	0.003^a
ALT, U/L	19.50 (11.90, 31.88)	21.00 (15.80, 31.00)	-0.92²	0.357
ALB, g/L	34.49 ± 7.37	39.28 ± 7.25	3.76¹	< 0.001^a
CRP, mg/L	269.50 ± 147.01	203.66 ± 133.49	-2.70¹	0.008^a
PCT, ng/mL	4.26 (0.97, 11.32)	0.65 (0.16, 2.07)	-4.32²	< 0.001^a
Cr, μmol/L	105.65 (54.22, 161.22)	62.30 (49.90, 81.30)	-3.95²	< 0.001^a
Ca²⁺, mmol/L	1.84 (1.49, 2.02)	2.17 (2.00, 2.32)	-5.10²	< 0.001^a
Na⁺, mmol/L	134.31 ± 5.99	135.12 ± 5.06	0.84¹	0.401
HbA1c, %	9.83 ± 2.30	9.58 ± 1.83	-0.69¹	0.494
Chol, mmol/L	4.10 (2.77, 10.52)	4.75 (1.80, 8.81)	-0.51²	0.611
TG, mmol/L	19.06 (14.02, 27.02)	16.21 (10.28, 24.59)	-2.72²	0.006^a
AMY, U/L	442.70 (235.95, 777.73)	159.00 (83.00, 403.10)	-3.50²	< 0.001^a
LPS, U/L	734.12 (342.25, 1371.66)	299.19 (97.00, 781.00)	-3.75²	< 0.001^a
FPG, mmol/L	16.53 ± 5.04	14.34 ± 3.89	-2.76¹	0.007^a
RPG, mmol/L	16.65 (13.47, 22.05)	13.80 (11.90, 16.10)	-3.75²	< 0.001^a
pH	7.36 (7.29, 7.40)	7.37 (7.33, 7.41)	-1.32²	0.188
Pleural effusion	44 (73.33)	27 (36.99)	17.48³	< 0.001^a
Abdominal effusion	39 (65.00)	37 (50.68)	2.76³	0.097

^aIndicate that results are statistically significant.

¹t-test.

²Mann-Whitney U test.

³χ² test.

HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; WBC: White blood cell; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb: Hemoglobin; RDW: Red blood cell distribution width; PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; Cr: Creatinine; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride; AMY: Serum amylase; LPS: Serum lipase; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; RPG: Random plasma glucose.

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Table 3 Analysis of risk factors for progression to severe disease in patients

Variables	Univariate logistic regression			Multivariate logistic regression
Variables	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
HR	1.04	1.02-1.06	< 0.001^a	1.03	1.01-1.05	0.027^a
RR	1.07	1.01-1.12	0.012^a	-	-	-
BMI	1.12	1.02-1.23	0.023^a	1.14	0.97-1.33	0.106
NLR	1.08	1.01-1.16	0.034^a	-	-	-
PLT	0.99	0.98-0.99	< 0.001^a	0.99	0.98-0.99	< 0.001^a
PT	1.54	1.15-2.07	0.004^a	0.69	0.43-1.1	0.120
ALB	0.91	0.87-0.96	< 0.001^a	0.91	0.84-0.98	0.019^a
CRP	1.01	1.01-1.01	0.009^a	-	-	-
PCT	1.16	1.06-1.26	< 0.001^a	-	-	-
Cr	1.02	1.01-1.03	< 0.001^a	-	-	-
Ca²⁺	0.08	0.03-0.25	< 0.001^a	0.26	0.06-1.02	0.053
TG	1.02	0.99-1.05	0.144	-	-	-
AMY	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.386	-	-	-
LPS	1.01	1.01-1.01	0.004^a	1.01	1.01-1.01	0.014^a
FPG	1.12	1.03-1.21	0.007^a	-	-	-
RPG	1.20	1.09-1.31	< 0.001^a	1.22	1.07-1.39	0.003^a
Pleural effusion	4.69	2.23-9.86	< 0.001^a	3.83	1.30-11.25	0.015^a

^aIndicate that results are statistically significant.

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; ALB: Albumin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; Cr: Creatinine; TG: Triglyceride; AMY: Serum amylase; LPS: Serum lipase; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; RPG: Random plasma glucose.

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Table 4 Multicollinearity analysis of variables in the prediction model

Variables	VIF	Tolerance
HR	1.131	0.884
PLT	1.078	0.927
ALB	1.181	0.847
LPS	1.097	0.912
RPG	1.102	0.908
Pleural effusion	1.268	0.789

The extent to which the variance of a regression coefficient estimate is inflated due to linear correlations among the independent variables. A variance inflation factor close to 1 indicates no collinearity, while a variance inflation factor ≥ 10 suggests severe collinearity. Tolerance: Measures the degree to which an independent variable cannot be explained by other independent variables, i.e., the ability of that independent variable to uniquely explain the variance in the dependent variable. A tolerance value of 1 indicates no collinearity, whereas a tolerance ≤ 0.05 suggests severe collinearity. VIF: Variance inflation factor; HR: Heart rate; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; LPS: Serum lipase; RPG: Random plasma glucose.

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Citation: Chai M, Zhao LX, Wang ZG, Xu DH. Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus: Investigation of factors and predictive models for severity progression. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(10): 124186
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i10/124186.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.124186

Chai M, Zhao LX, Wang ZG, Xu DH. Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus: Investigation of factors and predictive models for severity progression. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(10): 124186 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.124186]

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