Therapeutic potential of integrins in diabetic retinopathy

Table 1 Summary of integrin antagonists presented in the text

Drug name	Target integrin receptor(s)	Stage of research	Route of administration	Effect	Ref.
AXT-107	αVβ3, α5β1	Clinical research	Intravitreal injection	Reduces leakage, neovascularization and inflammation	[29,73]
JNJ-26076713	αVβ3, αVβ5	Preclinical research	/	Reduces leakage, neovascularization and inflammation	[32]
ATN-161	α5β1	Preclinical research	/	Reduces leakage, neovascularization and inflammation	[41]
Risuteganib	αVβ3, αVβ5, α5β1, αMβ2	Clinical research	Intravitreal injection	Reduces leakage, inflammation and angiogenesis, improves mitochondrial function	[5,56,57]
THR-687	αVβ3, αVβ5, α5β1	Clinical research	Intravitreal injection	Reduces leakage and fibrosis	[58-60]
SF-0166	αVβ3, αVβ6, αVβ8	Clinical research	Topical drop	Inhibits neovascularization, decreases lesion area and reduces leakage	[61,62,74]
OTT166	αVβ3, αVβ6, αVβ8	Clinical research	Topical drop	Reduces inflammation, fibrosis, leakage, and neovascularization	[63,75]
RUC-4	αIIbβ3	Clinical research	Subcutaneous injection	Inhibits thrombus formation	[71,72,76]