Cross-sectional study of the association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea risk

Table 1 Characteristics of participants (by category of triglyceride glucose-body mass index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys)

Characteristic	OSA status		P value
	With OSA	Without OSA
Participants (n)	2082	14712
TyG-BMI, median (IQR)	277.49 (101.08)	243.63 (84.52)	< 0.001
Age, years (%)			< 0.001
18-39	2.864	31.916
40-59	5.198	27.516
≥ 60	4.335	28.171
Sex (%)			< 0.001
Female	4.740	45.606
Male	7.657	41.998
Ethnicity (%)			< 0.001
Mexican American	1.780	14.255
Other Hispanic	1.316	8.086
Non-Hispanic white	5.526	38.097
Non-Hispanic black	2.602	18.888
Other ethnicities	1.173	8.277
Poverty income ratio (%)			< 0.001
≤ 1.3	3.710	24.533
>1.3 and ≤ 3.5	4.829	34.381
> 3.5	3.859	28.689
BMI (kg/m2) (%)			< 0.001
< 25	1.947	25.646
25-29.9	3.513	29.826
≥ 30	6.937	32.131
Education level (%)			< 0.001
Less than high school	2.936	19.530
High school	3.090	20.478
More than high school	6.371	44.594
Marital status (%)			< 0.001
Married	7.711	48.785
Others	4.686	38.817
Hypertension (%)			< 0.001
Yes	5.913	28.582
No	6.484	59.021
Diabetes (%)			< 0.001
Yes	2.525	10.569
No	9.873	77.033
Smoking (%)			< 0.001
Yes	6.711	39.026
No	5.687	48.577
Alcohol consumption (%)			< 0.001
Yes	9.241	63.785
No	3.156	23.818

Body mass index was categorised as < 25, 25-29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m², which corresponded to normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. BMI: Body mass index; IQR: Interquartile range; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; TyG-BMI: Triglyceride glucose-body mass index.

Table 2 Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea

Exposure	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
TyG-BMI	1.31 (1.21, 1.41)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.18, 1.40)	< 0.001	1.10 (1.01, 1.21)	0.033
TyG-BMI quartile
Q1, < 8.19	Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2, ≥ 8.19, < 8.59	1.85 (1.40, 2.45)	< 0.001	1.57 (1.18, 2.10)	0.002	1.33 (0.99, 1.78)	0.059
Q3, ≥ 8.59, < 9.03	2.37 (1.81, 3.11)	< 0.001	2.02 (1.52, 2.67)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.13, 2.02)	0.005
Q4, ≥ 9.03	2.48 (1.89, 3.25)	< 0.001	2.26 (1.7, 3.00)	< 0.001	1.40 (1.04, 1.89)	0.029

Model 1 not adjusted for any covariate. Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Model 3 Adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, poverty income ratio, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, and hypertension. Body mass index was categorized as < 25, 25-29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m², which corresponds to normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; TyG-BMI: Triglyceride glucose-body mass index.

Table 3 Subgroup and meditation analysis

Subgroups	OR (95%CI)	P value	P for interaction	Mediation %
BMI			< 0.001	0.03
< 25	1.30 (1.01-1.65)	0.046
25-29.9	1.06 (0.92-1.21)	0.448
≥ 30	1.46 (1.28-1.67)	< 0.001
Age			< 0.001	4.885
18-39	1.31 (1.10,1.56)	0.003
40-59	1.29 (1.16-1.44)	< 0.001
≥ 60	1.18 (1.02-1.37)	0.029
Sex			< 0.001	7.34
Female	1.39 (1.20-1.60)	< 0.001
Male	1.20 (1.07-1.34)	0.001
Marital status			< 0.001	3.82
Others	1.40 (1.22-1.61)	< 0.001
Married	1.19 (1.06-1.33)	0.002
Diabetes			0.01	1.52
No	1.30 (1.18-1.43)	< 0.001
Yes	1.16 (0.93-1.43)	0.182
Smoking			0.06
No	1.39 (1.22-1.58)	< 0.001
Yes	1.19 (1.05-1.34)	0.005
Hypertension			< 0.001	8.12
No	1.25 (1.11-1.41)	< 0.001
Yes	1.26 (1.10-1.44)	< 0.001

The results of subgroup analysis were adjusted for all covariates considered in model 3 except effect modifier. Body mass index was categorized as < 25, 25-29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m², which corresponded to normal or low weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.