Glycemic control and determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus in a regional hospital in South West Region, Cameroon

Table 1 Logistic regression model fit according to Hosmer-Lemeshow test

Parameter	χ2	df	P value
Age	0.000	1	1.000
BMI	0.000	0
Adherence to diet or eating plan	0.000	0
Adherence to diabetic medication	0.000	0
Duration of diabetes mellitus	0.000	0
SMBG	0.000	0

BMI: Body mass index; df: Degrees of freedom; SMBG: Self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Limbe Regional Hospital

Parameter	Category	n (%)
Age in years	30-39	9 (6.9)
	40-49	33 (25.2)
	50-59	30 (22.9)
	≥ 60	59 (45.0)
	Total	131 (100)
Marital status	Single	23 (17.6)
	Married	91 (69.5)
	Divorce	5 (3.8)
	Widow/widower	12 (9.1)
	Total	131 (100)
Sex	Female	88 (67.2)
	Male	43 (32.8)
	Total	131 (100)
Occupation	Formal	13 (9.9)
	Retired	18 (13.7)
	Self-employed	96 (73.3)
	Unemployed	4 (3.1)
	Total	131 (100)
Level of education	Primary	48 (36.6)
	Secondary	58 (44.3)
	Tertiary	17 (13.0)
	Informal	8 (6.1)
	Total	131 (100)
Estimated monthly income in CFA franc	5001-10000	1 (0.8)
	10001-15000	9 (6.8)
	15001-20000	15 (11.5)
	20001-25000	79 (60.3)
	> 25000	27 (20.6)

CFA: Communaute Financiere Africaine.

Table 3 Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetics attending the Limbe Regional Hospital

Parameter	Category	n (%)
Family history of diabetes mellitus	Yes	44 (33.6)
	No	87 (66.4)
	Total	131 (100)
BMI, kg/m2	18.5-24.9 (normal weight)	24 (18.3)
	25-29.9 (overweight)	62 (47.3)
	≥ 30 (obesity)	45 (34.4)
	Total	131 (100)
Duration of diabetes mellitus, years	1-7	71 (54.2)
	8-14	44 (33.6)
	15-22	16 (12.2)
	Total	131 (100)
Type of diabetic medication(s)	Metformin	106 (80.9)
	Metformin + actrapid	1 (0.8)
	Metformin + mixtard	3 (2.3)
	Metformin + daonil	1 (0.8)
	Metformin + insulin or glimepiride	20 (15.2)
	Total	131 (100)
Adherence to exercise	Yes (150 minutes of moderate intensity/week or 75 minutes vigorous intensity/week)	18 (13.7)
	No (< 150 minutes of moderate intensity/week or < 75 minutes vigorous intensity/week)	113 (86.3)
	Total	131 (100)
Adherence to diet/eating plan	Yes (> 3 days per week)	63 (48.1)
	No (< 3 days per week)	68 (51.9)
	Total	131 (100)
SMBG at home	Yes	30 (23.0)
	No	101 (77.0)
	Total	131 (100)
Smoking	Non-smoker	128 (97.7)
	Ex-smoker	3 (2.3)
	Current smoker	0 (0.0)
	Total	131 (100)

BMI: Body mass index; SMBG: Self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Table 4 Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetics attending the Limbe Regional Hospital

Parameter		Poor GC	Good GC	Bivariate logistic regression		Multivariate logistic regression
				UOR (95%CI)	P value	AOR (95%CI)	P value
Age, years	30-49	28	14	1		1
	50-69	65	11	0.230 (0.074-0.711)	0.011	2.819 (0.742-10.718)	0.128
	≥ 70	13	0	0.313 (0.106-0.919)	0.034	2.543 (0.725-8.911)	0.145
	Total	106	25
Adherence to diabetic medication(s)	Yes	73	23	1		1
	No	33	2	0.192 (0.043-0.864)	0.032	3.327 (0.582-19.020)	0.117
	Total	106	25
Duration of diabetes mellitus, years	1-11	73	24	1
	12-22	33	1	0.092 (0.012-0.710)	0.022	6.527 (0.726-58.667)	0.094
	Total	106	25
SMBG	Yes	19	11	1		1
	No	87	14	0.278 (0.109-0.706)	0.007	3.858 (1.261-11.800)	0.018
	Total	106	25
Adherence to diet/eating plan	Yes	43	20	1		1
	No	63	5	0.171 (0.059-0.490)	0.001	3.437 (0.941-12.559)	0.062
	Total	106	25
BMI, kg/m2	18.5-24.9	17	7	1		1
	≥ 25	89	18	0.491 (0.178-1.356)	0.170	1.483 (0.421-5.228)	0.540
	Total	106	25

GC: Glycemic control; UOR: Unadjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; SMBG: Self-monitoring of blood glucose; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio.