Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists switching patterns in type two diabetes: A retrospective real-world study

Table 1 Patterns of switching between different glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, n (%)

	Total (70645)	Switched [18047 (25.5)]	Exenatide BID	Liraglutide	Lixisenatide	Exenatide ER	Dulaglutide	Semaglutide
Daily GLP-1RA	30699	10144 (33)
Exenatide BID	1624	775 (47.7)	-	673	13	71	18	0
Liraglutide	27596	8905 (32.2)	199	-	553	1148	4044	2961
Lixisenatide	1479	464 (31.4)	0	161	-	85	201	17
Weekly GLP-1RA	39955	7903 (19.8)
Exenatide ER	4896	1755 (35.8)	-	338	69	-	1187	161
Dulaglutide	30062	5783 (19.2)	0	584	13	113	-	5073
Semaglutide	4997	365 (7.3)	0	18	0	0	347	-

BID: Twice daily; ER: Extended-release; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.

Table 2 Glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin) before and after switching between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Exenatide BID	HbA1c pre	HbA1c post	P value	Exenatide ER	HbA1c pre	HbA1c post	P value
Liraglutide (n = 616)	8.9 ± 1.5, 8.7 (7.9-9.8)	8.6 ± 1.7, 8.2 (7.3-9.5)	< 0.001	Liraglutide (n = 310)	9.2 ± 1.5, 8.9 (8-10)	8.4 ± 1.7, 7.9 (7-9)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide (n = 12)	9.9 ± 1.7, 10 (8.7-11.2)	9.9 ± 1.9, 9.9 (8.5-11.5)	0.665	Lixisenatid (n = 60)	9.2 ± 1.5, 8.9 (8.1-10)	9.2 ± 1.9, 8.8 (7.8-10)	0.940
Exenatide ER (n = 62)	8.5 ± 1.7, 8.1 (7.3-9.3)	7.8 ± 1.4, 7.3 (6.7-8.5)	< 0.001	Dulaglutide (n = 1046)	8.5 ± 1.5, 8.3 (7.5-9.3)	8.0 ± 1.5, 7.7 (7-8.7)	< 0.001
Dulaglutide (n = 18)	8.7 ± 1.7, 8.9 (7.5-9.8)	7.5 ± 0.94, 7.3 (6.9-8.2)	0.005	Semaglutide (n = 117)	7.9 ± 1.4, 7.6 (6.8-8.8)	7.2 ± 1.3, 6.9 (6.3-7.7)	< 0.001
Liraglutide				Dulaglutide
Exenatide BID (n = 159)	9.1 ± 1.6, 8.8 (7.9-9.8)	8.8 ± 1.7, 8.5 (7.5-10.2)	0.085	Liraglutide (n = 479)	8.7 ± 1.4, 8.4 (7.7-9.6)	8.1 ± 1.6, 7.9 (7.1-9)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide (n = 464)	9.4 ± 1.4, 9.3 (8.4-10.3)	9.4 ± 1.7, 9.1 (8-10.5)	0.343	Lixisenatid (n = 11)	9.3 ± 1.9, 8.9 (8.4-10.2)	9.0 ± 1.8, 8.7 (8.1-10)	0.504
Exenatide ER (n = 956)	9.1 ± 1.6, 9 (8.1-10)	8.5 ± 1.6, 8.2 (7.4-9.4)	< 0.001	Exenatide ER (n = 100)	8.9 ± 1.4, 8.6 (7.8-9.9)	8.4 ± 1.5, 8.3 (7.3-9.3)	0.004
Dulaglutide (n = 3392)	8.8 ± 1.6, 8.5 (7.8-9.7)	8.1 ± 1.5, 7.8 (7-8.8)	< 0.001	Semaglutide (n = 3425)	8.0 ± 1.4, 7.8 (7-8.7)	7.4 ± 1.4, 7.2 (6.5-8.1)	< 0.001
Semaglutide (n = 2192)	7.9 ± 1.4, 7.7 (7-8.6)	7.2 ± 1.2, 6.9 (6.4-7.7)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide				Semaglutide
Liraglutide (n = 149)	9.1 ± 1.4, 9 (8.1-10)	8.1 ± 1.4, 7.8 (7-9)	< 0.001	Liraglutide (n = 8)	9.3 ± 2.0, 8.5 (7.5-11)	8.0 ± 1.8, 7.6 (6.6-9.4)	0.183
Exenatide ER (n = 79)	9.7 ± 1.4, 9.4 (8.7-10.5)	8.6 ± 1.4, 8.3 (7.6-9.6)	< 0.001	Dulaglutide (n = 124)	8.4 ± 1.5, 8.1 (7.6-9.2)	7.8 ± 1.5, 7.8 (6.7-8.7)	< 0.001
Dulaglutide (n = 183)	9.3 ± 11.5, 9.2 (8-10)	8.2 ± 1.5, 7.9 (7-8.8)	< 0.001
Semaglutide (n = 8)	7.8 ± 1.2, 7.6 (6.9-8.5)	6.3 ± 0.55, 6.3 (6-6.6)	0.009

BID: Twice daily; ER: Extended-release; HbA_1c: Glycated hemoglobin.