Impact of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes pediatric patients

Table 1 Main information for the retrieved articles

Ref.	Sample (n)	Resistance training intervention	Control	Periodization	Primary outcome: Glycemic control	Main results	Secondary outcomes
Petschnig et al[18], 2020	n = 21. Allocated in 2 groups: (1) Strength training n = 11; 11.00 (0.8) years; with 2.63 (1.85) years of duration of diabetic history; and (2) Control group n = 10; 11.30 (0.7) years with 2.80 (2.07) of duration of diabetic history. Diagnosed at least in the last 6 months. No regular sport more often than once per week and sports lessons in school not more than twice a week	8 exercises for main muscle groups in a circuit; 25-40 seconds per exercise at 30% RM; 30-40 seconds resting; 2-times	No exercise	32 weeks; twice a week	HbA1c; glycemia before after each session	CG HbA1c; Baseline: 7.84 (1.38); At 17 weeks: 8.26 (1.26); At 32 weeks: 8.72 (1.33). ST HbA1c; Baseline: 8.75 (1.37); At 17 weeks: 8.55 (1.33); At 32 weeks: 8.75 (1.37). Glycemia before and after each session showed a significant reduction after each session 26.5 (4.4%). No adverse effects reported	Adiponectin; strength tests: (1) Seated bench press; (2) Seated bench pull; and (3) Seated leg press. Echocardiogram left common carotid artery
Särnblad et al[11], 2021	n = 8. 17.5 (0.8) years; 8.1 (4.8) years of diabetes duration	2 blocks; Interspersed 2 minutes; Each block included 3 sets until muscular failure at 70% 1 RM with 2 minutes of resting in lying leg press, lying leg curl and seated leg extension	Aerobic continuous; aerobic intermittent	Acute	Glycemia	Baseline: 11.8 (3.8) mmol/L; 5 minutes before exercise: 11.6 (3.8) mmol /L; exercise start: 11.5 (3.2) mmol/L; changes 0-45 min exercise: -1.0 (1.4) mmol/L; at end of recovery: 11.6 (3.9) mmol/L	Lactate; saturation of O2
Ramalho et al[22], 2006	n = 6; 19.8 ± 5.1	8 exercises in machine: Chest press, bicep curl, triceps extension, lower back, abdominals, leg press, leg curl and leg extension, 3 sets, 8-12 repetitions, 60%-80% 1 RM (60 seconds of rest)	Aerobic exercise	12 weeks; 3 days per week	HbA1c; glycemia; insulin dosage	There was no change in the parameters evaluated, only a reduction in insulin dosage after exercise. 0.95 (0.34) vs 0.79 (0.28)	Anthropometry

CG: Control group; ST: Strength training; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; RM: Repetition maximum.