Efficacy, safety and treatment satisfaction of transition to a regimen of insulin degludec/aspart: A pilot study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Patients (n = 21)
Age (year)	59.1 ± 12.6
Male, No. patients	8 (38.1)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.5 ± 3.5
WC (cm)	90.9 ± 9.6
WHR	0.9 ± 0.1
SBP (mmHg)	126.1 ± 18.7
DBP (mmHg)	74.8 ± 8.0
HR (bpm)	79.9 ± 11.8
Smoking, No. patients	5 (23.8)
Alcohol drinking, No. patients	4 (19.0)
Duration of diabetes (year)
< 10	3 (14.3)
10-20	10 (47.6)
> 20	8 (38.1)
Baseline insulin regimen, No. patients
Three times-daily premixed insulin	1 (4.8)
Basal–bolus insulin	20 (95.2)
Duration of insulin therapy (year)
< 5	9 (42.9)
5-10	6 (28.6)
> 10	6 (28.6)
Oral antidiabetic medicine, No. patients
Metformin	8 (38.1)
α-Glucosidase inhibitor	8 (38.1)
DPP-4 inhibitor	4 (19.0)
SGLT2 inhibitor	5 (23.8)
Complications, No. patients
Retinopathy	8 (38.1)
Nephropathy	11 (52.4)
Comorbidity, No. patients
CVD	4 (19.0)
Stroke	2 (9.5)

WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; CVD: Cardiovascular disease.

Table 2 Comparison of blood glucose control, insulin dosage, and hypoglycemic events, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Baseline	At 12 weeks	P value
HbA1c (%)	7.6 ± 1.1	7.4 ± 0.9	0.31
FBG (mmol/L)	10.4 ± 3.7	7.9 ± 2.5	0.02
Insulin dose, unit	53.3 ± 25.9	43.3 ± 18.1	0.03
Number of injections	3.95 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.3	< 0.01
Hypoglycemic events, n times per month			0.07
0	6 (28.6)	10 (47.6)
1-2	9 (42.9)	8 (38.1)
3-5	2 (9.5)	1 (4.8)
> 5	4 (19.0)	2 (9.5)

FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c.

Table 3 Comparison of diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire, n (%)/mean ± SD¹

Question	Baseline	At 12 weeks	P value
Satisfaction with current treatment	4.0 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 0.9	0.01
The occurrence rate of unacceptable hyperglycemia	2.1 ± 1.7	0.8 ± 1.5	0.03
The occurrence rate of unacceptable hypoglycemia	1.5 ± 1.8	0.7 ± 1.3	0.11
Convenience	3.6 ± 1.5	5.4 ± 0.08	< 0.01
Flexibility	4.6 ± 1.3	5.0 ± 1.1	0.12
Understanding of diabetes	4.3 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 1.1	0.02
Recommend treatment to others	3.1 ± 1.8	5.0 ± 1.8	0.01
Willingness to continue	3.6 ± 1.6	5.3 ± 1.0	< 0.01
Overall treatment satisfaction	23.1 ± 5.4	31.0 ± 5.8	< 0.01

¹The aggregate score for treatment satisfaction is calculated by totaling the scores for item 1 and items 4 to 8 of the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire.