Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2024; 15(9): 1889-1902
Published online Sep 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i9.1889
Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants at Bishoftu General Hospital, central Ethiopia, from June 15 to August 12, 2022, n (%)
Variables
Categories
T2DM patients
Healthy controls
P value
Age (years)Median (IQR)33 (28-39)31 (27-38)0.322
SexM139 (79.9)66 (75.9)0.46
F35 (20.1)21 (24.1)
ResidenceUrban147 (84.5)68 (78.2)0.21
Rural27 (15.5)19 (21.8)
Educational levelUnable to write & read8 (4.6)2 (2.3)0.04
Can write and read11 (6.3)2 (2.3)
Primary school25 (14.4)9 (10.3)
Secondary school66 (37.9)50 (57.5)
Higher education64 (36.8)24 (27.6)
Occupation statusUnemployed37 (21.3)37 (42.5)0.004
Merchant47 (27.0)20 (23)
Farmer25 (14.4)7 (8)
Gov’t employee65 (37.4)23 (26.4)
Marital statusSingle59 (33.9)33 (37.9)0.94
Married75 (43.1)35 (40.2)
Divorced29 (16.7)14 (16.1)
Widowed11 (6.3)5 (5.7)
Table 2 Anthropometric and clinical characteristics distribution of study participants at Bishoftu General Hospital, central Ethiopia, from June 15 to August 12, 2022, n (%)
Variables
Categories
T2DM patients
Healthy control
P value
BMI (kg/m2)Median (IQR)23.2 (20.6-25.3)20.3(19.1-22.03)< 0.001
WC (cm)Median (IQR)90 (87-97)89 (86-92)0.017
WHRMedian (IQR)0.91 (0.86-0.98)0.87 (0.83-0.92)< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)Median (IQR)141 (133-150)131 (126-135)< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)Median (IQR)101 (94.0-109.0)90 (87.0-92.0)< 0.001
FBG level (mg/dL)Median (IQR)131.2 (114.7-150)--
Duration of DM illness (years)Median (IQR)6.0 (3.0-10.0)--
Presence of microvascular complications at least one typePoor glycemic DM (87)Yes 45 (51.7)--
No 42 (48.3)
Good glycemic DM (87)Yes 0 (0)-
No 87 (100)
Current oral hypoglycemic therapy used by DM patientsGlibenclamide 41 (23.60)--
Metformin 89 (51.1)-
Metformin + Glibenclamide44 (25.3)-
Table 3 Comparisons of platelet indices between diabetic patients and the healthy control group at Bishoftu Hospital, central Ethiopia, from June to August 2022
Platelet parameters
Diabetes mellitus group, media (IQR)
Healthy control group, media (IQR)
P value
Platelet count (103/µL)198 (160-291)208 (170-232)0.269
PDW (fL)13.7 (11.8-20.1)11.1 (10.1-13.1)< 0.001
MPV (fL)11.1 (10.3-13.2)9.9 (9.6-10.9)< 0.001
PLCR (%)33.2 (27.3-46.2)24.5 (21.2-31.8)< 0.001
PCT (%)0.24 (0.2-0.32)0.23 (0.19-0.26)0.001
Table 4 Kruskal Wallis and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons of platelet indices between poor glycemic controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, good glycemic controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, and healthy controls at Bishoftu Hospital, central Ethiopia, from June to August 2022
Platelet indices
Poorly controlled T2DM median (IQR)
Good controlled T2DM median (IQR)
Healthy controls median (IQR)
Kruskal Wallis test
Post hoc test (Bonferroni test)
P value
aP value
bP value
cP value
PLT count (103/µL)188 (159-350)210 (162-251)208 (170-232)0.512---
PDW (fL)19.1 (13.3-24.2)12.4 (11.6-13.7)11.1 (10.1-13.1)< 0.0010.009< 0.001< 0.001
MPV (fL)12.8 (10.8-14.8)10.7 (10-11.2)9.9 (9.6-10.9)< 0.0010.01< 0.001< 0.001
PLCR (%)44.4 (31.6-55.2)30 (25.8-34)24.5 (21.2-31.8)< 0.0010.009< 0.001< 0.001
PCT (%)0.27 (0.22-0.38)0.23 (0.2-0.28)0.23 (0.19-0.26)< 0.0011.0000.001< 0.001
Table 5 Comparisons of platelet indices between microvascular complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus and uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Bishoftu Hospital, central Ethiopia, from June to August 2022
Platelet indices
Complicated diabetic patients, median (IQR) (n = 45)
Uncomplicated diabetic patients, median (IQR) (n = 42)
P value
Platelet count (103/µL)169 (142-187)334 (193-422)< 0.001
PDW (fL)23.1 (19.1-24.8)14.7 (12-18.1)< 0.001
MPV (fL)13.9 (12.9-15.1)11.4 (10.1-12.7)< 0.001
PLCR (%)52.8 (47.0-57.0)33.3 (26.2-42.8)< 0.001
PCT (%)0.24 (0.20-0.28)0.38 (0.27-0.42)< 0.001
Table 6 Spearman’s correlation (rho) of platelet indices with body mass index, waist circumference, & waist-to-hip ratio among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls at Bishoftu Hospital from June to August 2022
PLT indicesT2DM patient group
Healthy control group
BMI rho (P)
WC rho (P)
WHR rho (P)
BMI rho (P)
WC rho (P)
WHR rho (P)
PLT0.092 (0.227)0.117 (0.124)0.192 (0.011)a-0.209 (0.052)0.079 (0.467)0.075 (0.49)
PDW0.162 (0.033)a0.063 (0.408)0.072 (0.348)0.126 (0.246)-0.117 (0.282)-0.129 (0.234)
MPV0.132 (0.081)0.058 (0.445)0.033 (0.667)0.142 (0.188)-0.043 (0.692)-0.049 (0.652)
PLCR0.179 (0.018)a0.044 (0.568)0.016 (0.833)0.135 (0.212)-0.082 (0.448)-0.076 (0.483)
PCT0.199 (0.009)b0.208 (0.006)b0.298 (0.001)b-0.088 (0.417)0.083 (0.444)0.159 (0.142)
Table 7 Spearman’s correlation (rho) of platelet indices with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar & duration of diabetes mellitus among type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups at Bishoftu Hospital, from June to August 2022
Platelet indicesDiabetic patient group
Healthy control group
SBP rho (P)
DBP rho (P)
FBS rho (P)
Duration rho (P)
SBP rho (P)
DBP rho (P)
PLT07 (0.358)0.067 (0.378)0.048 (0.529)0.133 (0.137)-0.024 (0.826)-0.071 (0.511)
PDW0.416 (0.001)b0.44 (0.001)b0.525 (0.001)b0.351 (0.001)b-0.12 (0.27)0.031 (0.779)
MPV0.355 (0.001)b0.398 (0.001)b0.474 (0.001)b0.298 (0.001)b-0.061 (0.575)-0.005 (0.964)
PLCR0.421 (0.001)b0.394 (0.001)a0.509 (0.001)b0.372 (0.001)b-0.059 (0.586)-0.005 (0.965)
PCT0.12 (0.113)0.206 (0.006)b0.164 (0.03)a0.078 (0.304)-0.036 (0.738)0.139 (0.198)
Table 8 Determination of predictive values of platelet indices for poor glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Bishoftu Hospital, from June to August 2022
Platelet indices
Sensitivity (%)
Specificity (%)
PPV (%)
NPV (%)
Cut-off value
AUC
95%CI
P value
PDW (fL)689087.273.8≥ 15.750.8030.735-0.871< 0.001
MPV (fL)619389.770.5≥ 12.250.7740.702-0.847< 0.001
PLCR (%)698380.272.3≥ 36.30.7750.704-0.838< 0.001
PCT (%)835765.987.7≥ 0.240.7610.69-0.831< 0.001