Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 General demographic characteristics of the observed and control groups, n (%)

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
Age (yr)	55.3 ± 11.5	55.7 ± 11.4	-0.254	0.800
Gender			0.009	0.926
Male	80 (76.2)	159 (75.7)
Female	35 (23.4)	51 (24.3)
marital status			7.307	0.007
Unwed/divorced/widowed	14 (13.3)	27 (12.9)
Married	91 (86.7)	183 (87.1)
Educational level			0.335	0.163
Illiteracy	13 (12.4)	32 (15.2)
Primary school	18 (17.1)	32 (15.2)
Middle school	62 (59.1)	126 (60.0)
College degree or above	12 (11.4)	20 (9.5)
Occupation			6.491	0.261
Housework and unemployed	34 (32.4)	65 (30.9)
Peasant	22 (21.0)	65 (30.9)
Office worker	13 (12.4)	27 (12.9)
Self-employed worker	12 (11.4)	23 (11.0)
Worker	14 (13.3)	21 (10.0)
Other	10 (9.5)	9 (4.3)
Worker's insurance			2.293	0.130
Yes	45 (42.9)	109 (51.9)
No	60 (57.1)	101 (48.1)

Table 2 Comparison between the observed and control groups in diabetes-related characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
Disease course (yr)	6.8 ± 5.7	7.4 ± 5.6	-0.863	0.389
Family history of diabetes			1.585	0.208
Yes	31 (29.5)	77 (36.7)
No	74 (71.5)	133 (63.3)
History of hypertension			4.123	0.042
Yes	34 (32.4)	93 (44.3)
No	71 (67.6)	117 (55.7)
Poor glycemic control			12.281	< 0.001
Yes	74 (77.9)	100 (56.5)
No	31 (22.1)	110 (43.5)
Regular blood glucose monitoring			0.135	0.713
Yes	25 (23.8)	54 (25.7)
No	80 (76.2)	156 (74.3)
Diabetes treatment modality			10.285	0.016
Unregular treatment	24 (22.9)	36 (17.1)
Oral hypoglycaemic agent	48 (45.7)	92 (43.8)
Insulin	22 (20.9)	30 (14.3)
Oral antidiabetic drugs + insulin	11 (10.5)	52 (24.8)
Diet control attitude			7.141	0.028
Think it's very important	29 (27.6)	53 (25.3)
Think it is generally important	30 (28.6)	91 (43.3)
Think it's not important	46 (43.8)	66 (31.4)

Table 3 Test results of observation and control groups

Items	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
Height (cm)	169.52 ± 8.81	168.68 ± 7.54	0.881	0.379
Weight (kg)	66.53 ± 13.62	71.75 ± 12.08	-3.249	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.00 ± 3.30	25.18 ± 3.40	-5.377	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	129.00 ± 20.00	134.00 ± 24.00	-2.544	0.011
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80.00 ± 10.50	83.00 ± 14.00	-2.504	0.012
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.85 ± 2.15	8.90 ± 2.80	-0.873	0.382
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	10.54 ± 3.43	7.83 ± 2.81	-4.517	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	136.50 ± 27.00	138.00 ± 21.00	-0.295	0.768
Albumin (g/L)	40.20 ± 8.40	39.68 ± 5.80	-0.247	0.805
Lymphocyte count (109/L)	1.65 ± 0.78	2.08 ± 0.94	-4.168	< 0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.28 ± 0.31	1.47 ± 0.36	-1.940	0.052
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.68 ± 1.13	4.39 ± 1.62	-1.870	0.061
High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	1.20 ± 0.47	1.10 ± 0.39	-2.032	0.042
Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	2.85 ± 1.08	2.70 ± 1.30	-0.713	0.476

Table 4 Comparison of nutritional status between the observed and control groups, n (%)

Items	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
BMI divide into groups			19.702	< 0.001
Normal	65 (61.9)	71 (35.5)
Overload	31 (29.5)	94 (47.0)
Fat	9 (8.6)	35 (17.5)
Anemia	18 (18.4)	28 (15.2)	0.465	0.495
Hypoproteinemia	24 (24.2)	20 (11.4)	7.702	0.006
Lymphocytopenia	72 (74.2)	83 (45.1)	21.773	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemic and hyperlipidemia	46 (50.0)	98 (58.7)	1.812	0.178
Simple hypertriglyceridemia	13 (14.1)	38 (22.8)	2.790	0.095
Simple hypercholesterolemia	8 (8.7)	9 (5.4)	1.057	0.304
Combined hyperlipidemia familial	3 (3.3)	7 (4.2)	0.138	0.710
Simple low HDL cholesterolemia	22 (24.7)	44 (26.7)	0.114	0.736

BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.

Table 5 Comparison of body immune status between the observed and control groups, n (%)

Items	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
Upper respiratory tract infection	73 (69.5)	99 (47.1)	14.145	< 0.001
Bronchitis or pneumonia	5 (4.8)	12 (5.7)	0.124	0.724
Gastrointestinal infection	9 (8.6)	20 (9.5)	0.076	0.783
Skin infection	3 (2.9)	9 (4.3)	0.390	0.532
High infection	74 (70.5)	114 (54.3)	7.626	0.006
Bleb	16 (15.2)	26 (12.4)	0.495	0.482

Table 6 Comparison of lifestyle and behavioral habits between the observed and control groups, n (%)

Items	Observation group (n = 105)	Control group (n = 210)	χ2/t	P value
History of tuberculosis contact	22 (21.0)	14 (6.7)	14.113	< 0.001
History of dust contact	7 (6.7)	15 (7.1)	0.024	0.876
Smoke			29.017	< 0.001
Current smoker	52 (49.5)	48 (22.8)
Non-smoker	33 (31.4)	105 (50.0)
A former smoker	13 (12.4)	18 (8.6)
Passive smoker	7 (6.7)	39 (18.6)
Drink			18.924	< 0.001
Current drinker	41 (39.0)	38 (18.1)
No drinkers	61 (58.1)	151 (71.9)
A former drinker	3 (2.9)	21 (10.0)
Whether you exercise regularly			16.625	< 0.001
Yes	42 (40.0)	128 (61.0)
No	63 (60.0)	82 (39.0)

Table 7 Results of the univariate conditional logistic regression analysis

Variable	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Married	0.29	0.12-0.73	0.009
Poor glycemic control	2.36	1.32-4.22	0.004
Diabetes treatment modality
Unregular treatment	1.00	-	-
Oral hypoglycaemic agent	0.76	0.41-1.44	0.401
Insulin	0.98	0.45-2.14	0.960
Oral antidiabetic drugs + insulin	0.31	0.13-0.73	0.007
History of hypertension	0.59	0.36-0.98	0.040
Body mass index divide into groups
Normal	1.00	-	-
Overload	0.38	0.22-0.66	0.001
Fat	0.32	0.14-0.70	0.005
Hypoproteinemia	2.48	1.21-5.09	0.013
Lymphocytopenia	3.91	2.12-7.21	< 0.001
History of tuberculosis contact	4.49	1.97-10.23	< 0.001
High infection	1.95	1.21-3.15	0.006
Smoke	5.12	2.61-10.7	< 0.001
Drink	3.39	1.88-6.12	< 0.001
Regular exercise	0.34	0.20-0.58	< 0.001

Table 8 Assignment statement in the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus with pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Items	Assignment method
Marital status	Unmarried, divorced and widowed = 1, married = 2
Hypertension	No = 0, Yes = 1
Poor glycemic control	No = 0, Yes = 1
Diabetes treatment methods	Oral medication = 1, insulin = 2, oral medication and insulin simultaneously = 3, no regular treatment = 4
BMI grouping	BMI < 24 = 1, BMI: 24.0-27.9 = 2, BMI ≥ 28 = 3
Hypoproteinemia	No = 0, Yes = 1
Lymphocytopenia	No = 0, Yes = 1
History of tuberculosis contact	No = 0, Yes = 1
High infection	No = 0, Yes = 1
Smoke	No = 0, Yes = 1
Drink	No = 0, Yes = 1
Regular exercise	No = 0, Yes =1

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 9 Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus with pulmonary tuberculosis

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	Odds ratio (95%CI)
BMI divide into groups
Normal	-	-	-	-	1.00
Overload	-1.457	0.573	6.475	0.011	0.23 (0.08-0.72)
Fat	-2.182	0.943	5.357	0.021	0.11 (0.02-0.72)
Poor glycemic control	1.215	0.568	4.581	0.032	3.37 (1.11-10.25)
Lymphocytopenia	2.876	0.844	11.622	0.001	17.75 (3.40-92.74)
History of tuberculosis contact	1.882	0.854	4.849	0.028	6.56 (1.23-35.03)
Smoke	2.506	0.805	9.686	0.002	12.25 (2.53-59.37)

BMI: Body mass index.