Impact of diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic syndrome on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease among postmenopausal women

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by diabetes mellitus status

	By DM status
	Non-DM		DM
	n	mean, %	n	mean, %	P value
Age, mean (SD), yr	55862	62.9 (7.2)	7255	63.2 (7.0)	< 0.001
Age group, No., %					< 0.001
50-59	19398	89.4	2295	10.6
60-69	25068	87.9	3467	12.2
70-79	11396	88.4	1493	11.6
Race/ethnicity, No., %					< 0.001
White	49927	89.7	5745	10.3
Africa American	2706	75.7	871	24.4
Others	3229	83.5	639	16.5
Marital status1, No., %					< 0.001
Never or separated	10645	87.1	1579	12.9
Widowed	8139	86.3	1296	13.7
Presently married	36869	89.5	4341	10.5
Education level2, No., %					< 0.001
≤ High School	9484	84.7	1707	15.3
> HS and Associate	19398	87.1	2873	12.9
≥ College	26589	91.1	2608	8.9
Annual family income (US$), No., %					< 0.001
< 35000	17099	84.8	3073	15.2
35000-49999	10809	88.5	1401	11.5
50000-74999	11685	89.9	1306	10.1
≥ 75000	12902	92.4	1055	7.6
Medicare, No., %					< 0.001
No	35403	88.9	4402	11.1
Yes	20034	87.8	2787	12.2
Pre-paid private insurance, No., %					0.13
No	32403	88.4	4269	11.6
Yes	23034	88.7	2920	11.3
Hormone usage status, No., %					< 0.001
Never used	20552	86.6	3180	13.4
Past user	7901	87.7	1104	12.3
Current user	27368	90.2	2963	9.8
Smoking status, No., %					0.46
Never	28078	88.6	3609	11.4
Past	24222	88.5	3140	11.5
Current	2908	87.9	401	12.1
Medical history, No., %
Hypertension	20494	81.8	4566	18.2	< 0.001
Myocardial infarction	1746	78.9	467	21.1	< 0.001
Angina	1080	79.1	285	20.9	< 0.001
Stroke	1802	81.1	421	18.9	< 0.001
Peripheral artery disease	766	75.6	247	24.4	< 0.001

¹Never/separated includes divorced; presently married includes marriage-like relationship.

²Associate: Included vocational or training school, some college or associate degree. DM: Diabetes mellitus; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants by cardiometabolic syndrome status

	By CMS status
	Non-CMS		CMS
	n	mean, %	n	mean, %	P value
Age, mean (SD), yr	55485	62.8 (7.2)	7632	63.7 (6.9)	< 0.001
Age group, No., %					< 0.001
50-59	19522	90.0	2171	10.0
60-69	24771	86.8	3764	13.2
70-79	11192	86.8	1697	13.2
Race/ethnicity, No., %					< 0.001
White	50415	90.6	5257	9.4
Africa American	1996	55.8	1581	44.2
Others	3074	79.5	794	20.5
Marital status1, No., %					< 0.001
Never or separated	10472	85.7	1752	14.3
Widowed	7946	84.2	1489	15.8
Presently married	36852	89.4	4358	10.6
Education level2, No., %					< 0.001
≤ High School	9207	82.3	1984	17.7
> HS and Associate	19253	86.4	3018	13.6
≥ College	26641	91.2	2556	8.8
Annual family income (US$), No., %					< 0.001
< 35000	16660	82.6	3512	17.4
35000-49999	10710	87.7	1500	12.3
50000-74999	11734	90.3	1257	9.7
≥ 75000	13056	93.5	901	6.5
Medicare, No., %					< 0.001
No	35329	88.8	4476	11.2
Yes	19741	86.5	3080	13.5
Pre-paid private insurance, No., %					0.084
No	32178	87.7	4494	12.3
Yes	22892	88.2	3062	11.8
Hormone usage status, No., %					< 0.001
Never used	20136	84.8	3596	15.2
Past user	7802	86.6	1203	13.4
Current user	27502	90.7	2829	9.3
Smoking status, No., %					0.027
Never	27885	88.0	3802	12.0
Past	24092	88.0	3270	12.0
Current	2861	86.5	448	13.5
Medical history, No., %
Diabetes	2740	37.8	4515	62.2	< 0.001
Hypertension	18928	75.5	6142	24.5	< 0.001
Myocardial infarction	1695	76.6	518	23.4	< 0.001
Angina	629	46.1	736	53.9	< 0.001
Stroke	1758	79.1	465	20.9	< 0.001
Peripheral artery disease	721	71.2	292	28.8	< 0.001

¹Never/separated includes divorced; presently married includes marriage-like relationship.

²Associate: included vocational or training school, some college or associate degree. CMS: Cardiometabolic syndrome; SD: Standard deviation.