Altered regional homogeneity in patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage

Table 1 Demographics and clinical measurements by group

Condition	DVH	HC	t	P valuea
Male/female	16/15	16/15	N/A	> 0.99
Age (yr)	56.03 ± 4.61	56.48 ± 4.29	0.041	0.967
Weight (kg)	60.48 ± 3.83	61.10 ± 3.49	0.118	0.906
Handedness	31 R	31 R	N/A	> 0.99
Duration of DVH (d)	24.15 ± 20.97	N/A	N/A	N/A
Best-corrected VA-right eye	0.64 ± 0.05	1.07 ± 0.03	-7.771	< 0.001
Best-corrected VA-left eye	0.66 ± 0.06	1.06 ± 0.02	-6.231	< 0.001
Duration of DM (yr)	27.23 ± 19.89	25.85 ± 18.28	0.085	0.915
HgbA1c (%)	5.3 ± 0.4	4.8 ± 0.5	0.051	> 0.99

^aP < 0.05, independent t-tests. Data shown are the mean ± SD. DVH: Diabetic vitreous hemorrhage; HC: Healthy control; N/A: Not applicable; R: Right; VA: Visual acuity; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Brain areas with significantly different regional homogeneity values between groups

Brain region	MNI coordinate			BA	Peak voxels	t value
	X	Y	Z
DVH > HCs
BCPL	-21	-75	-57	/	914	5.9833
RS/MOG	30	-78	30	19	262	4.8595
BSFG	-6	-6	78	6	345	5.0841
DVH < HCs
RI	33	21	-12	47	247	-4.1671
BMFG	-3	54	15	10	1321	-5.0857
RMFG	42	42	15	9	259	-4.2382

The statistical threshold was set at the voxel level with P < 0.05 for multiple comparisons using Gaussian random field theory (z > 2.3, P < 0.01, cluster > 40 voxels, AlphaSim corrected). MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; BA: Brodmann area; DVH: Diabetic vitreous hemorrhage; HCs: Healthy controls; BCPL: Bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe; RS: Right superior; MOG: Middle occipital gyrus; BSFG: Bilateral superior frontal gyrus; RI: Right insula; BMFG: Bilateral medial frontal gyrus; RMFG: Right middle frontal gyrus.

Table 3 Regional homogeneity method applied in ophthalmological diseases

Author	Year	Disease	Brain areas
			UDs > HCs	UDs < HCs
Song et al[11]	2014	Glaucoma	RDACC; BMFG; RCAL	BC; BPG; BP/PG; LIPL; LCPL
Cui et al[12]	2014	Diabetic retinopathy	PLC; ACC; FL	OL; PG
Shao et al[6]	2015	Optic neuritis	LFG; RIPL	LCPL; LMTG; RI; RSTG; LMFG;BACC; BMFG; L/RSFG; RPG
Huang et al[13]; Huang et al[14]	2016; 2016	Comitant Strabismus; Open-globe injury	RITC/FG/CAL; RLG; BCG; RCPL/LG; LSTG/IFG; LIFG; LPCC/PCUN; LPrCO
Huang, et al[15]	2017	Retinal detachment		ROL; RSTG; BC; LMFG
Tang et al[33]	2018	Acute eye pain	LSFG; RIPL; LP	LP/PG; RP/PG; LMFG
Shao et al[34]	2019	Strabismus and amblyopia	LLG; RMOG/P; BAC; LMOG; BPG	LIFG
Wen et al[35]	2019	Retinal vein occlusion	RCPL; RFG; RITG	RC
Xu et al[36]	2019	Corneal ulcer	RCPL; LCPL; LITG; RLG; LMFG; LAG; LCG; RAG; BSFG	LPG; RAC

HCs: Healthy controls; RDACC: Right dorsal anterior cingulated cortex; BMFG: Bilateral medial frontal gyrus; RCAL: Right cerebellar anterior lobe; BC: Bilateral calcarine; BPG: Bilateral precuneus gyrus; BP/PG: Bilateral pre/postcentral gyrus; LIPL: Left inferior parietal lobule; LCPL: Left cerebellum posterior lobe; PLC: Posterior lobe of cerebellum; ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex; FL: Frontal lobe; OL: Occipital lobe; LFG: Left fusiform gyrus; RIPL: Right inferior parietal lobule; LMTG: Left middle temporal gyrus; RI: Right insula; RSTG: Right superior temporal gyrus; LMFG: Left middle frontal gyrus; BACC: Bilateral anterior cingulate cortex; L/RSFG: Left/right superior frontal gyrus; RPG: Right precentral gyrus; RITC/FG/CAL: Right inferior temporal cortex/fusiform gyrus/cerebellum anterior lobe; RLG: Right lingual gyrus; BCG: Bilateral cingulate gyrus; RCPL/LG: Right cerebellum posterior lobe/lingual gyrus; LSTG/IFG: Left superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus; LIFG: Left inferior frontal gyrus; LPCC/PCUN: Left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus; LPrCO: Left precentral operculum; ROL: Right occipital lobe; LSFG: Left superior frontal gyrus; LP: Left precuneus; RP: Right precentral; LLG: Left lingual gyrus; RMOG/P: Right Middle occipital gyrus/precuneus; BAC: Bilateral anterior cingulate; LMOG: Left middle occipital gyrus; RFG: Right fusiform gyrus; RITG: Right inferior temporal gyrus; RC: Right cuneus; LAG: Left angular gyrus; LCG: Left cingulate gyrus; RAG: Right angular gyrus; BSFG: Bilateral superior frontal gyrus; LPG: Left precentral gyrus; RAC: Right anterior cingulate. LITG: Left inferior temporal gyrus.