Importance of serum phosphate in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus

doi:10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.416

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2020; 11(10): 416-424
Published online Oct 15, 2020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.416

Table 1 The differences between groups of patients according to serum phosphate higher or lower than the cut-off point related to diabetes mellitus equal to 3.65 mg/dL

Characteristic	Patients with serum P > 3.65 mg/dL (n = 43), mean ± SD	Patients with serum P < 3.65 mg/dL (n = 67), mean ± SD	P value
Age (yr)	71.2 ± 12.8	67.6 ± 15.2	0.2
BMI (kg/m²)	30.2 ± 6.3^a	28.1 ± 4.6	0.04
WC (cm)	108.09 ± 15.9	102.8 ± 14.3	0.07
Uric acid (mg/dL)	6.7 ± 1.2^a	6.09 ± 1.7	0.05
LDL-C (mg/dL)	102.2 ± 29.5	110.1 ± 32.1	0.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)	44.5 ± 13.2	47.1 ± 9.8	0.2
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	137.7 ± 54.4	129.01 ± 60.1	0.4
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.5 ± 0.6	9.5 ± 0.5	0.9
P (mg/dL)	4.2 ± 0.4^a	3.2 ± 0.3	0.001
i-PTH (pg/mL)	mean rank = 68.06^a	47.4	0.001
25(OH)D3 (ng/mL)	18.9 ± 12.7	20.8 ± 9.2	0.3
Glucose (mg/dL)	mean rank = 63.6^a	50.28	0.03
Insulin (μU/mL)	11.6 ± 7.4	11.9 ± 8.7	0.8
HOMA-IR (mmol/L)	mean rank = 56.8	54.6	0.7
SBP (mmHg)	147.4 ± 16.7^a	140.2 ± 16.1	0.02
DBP (mmHg)	mean rank = 62.08	51.28	0.07
pMBP (mmHg)	108.02 ± 9.8^a	103.6 ± 7.8	0.01
PP (mmHg)	65.7 ± 16.2	61.01 ± 17.7	0.1
ACR (mg/g)	mean rank = 63.2^a	50.6	0.04
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	45.6 ± 22.1^a	55.4 ± 21.5	0.02
Category variables	n (%)	n (%)
DM (yes/no)	17 (39.5)/26 (60.5)^a	12 (17.9)/55 (82.1)	0.01
Hypertension (yes/no)	34 (79.1)/9 (20.9)^a	41 (61.2)/26 (38.8)	0.03
Receiving vitD (yes/no)	22 (51.2)/21 (48.8)^a	18 (26.9)/49 (73.1)	0.009
Smoking (yes/no)	10 (23.3)/33 (76.7)^a	4 (6)/63 (94)	0.01
Alcohol consumption (yes/no)	13 (30.2)/30 (69.8)	16 (23.9)/51 (76.1)	0.3
Physical activity (yes/no)	17 (39.5)/26 (60.5)	34 (50.7)/33 (49.3)	0.1
Classification based on eGFR:			0.04
eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m²	3 (7)^a	6 (9)
eGFR = 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m²	7 (16.3)	18 (26.9)
eGFR = 30-60 mL/min/1.73 m²	21 (48.8)	37 (55.2)
eGFR = 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m²	12 (27.9)	6 (9)

^aP < 0.05. P: Phosphate; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; i-PTH: Intact-parathyroid hormone; 25(OH)D₃: 25 hydroxyD₃; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; pMBP: Peripheral mean blood pressure; PP: Pulse pressure; ACR: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis for predicting diabetes mellitus manifestations

Variables in model	P value	Odds ratio	Confidence interval
Age (yr)	0.003	1.07	1.02-1.13
Gender (male/female)	0.04	0.30	0.09–0.99
BMI (kg/m²)	0.02	1.11	1.01–1.22
Hypertension (yes/no)	0.4	1.58	0.4–5.9
Smoking (yes/no)	0.08	3.7	0.8–17.02
Calcium (mg/dL)	0.2	1.6	0.7–3.7
P (mg/dL)	0.9	1.05	0.4–2.4

DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; P: Phosphate.

Table 3 Relation to serum glucose variables in our participants without diabetes mellitus (n = 81)

Variables in model	Beta	t	Sig.	Lower	Upper
Age (yr)	-0.02	-0.17	0.8	-0.28	0.24
Gender (male/female)	-0.03	-0.3	0.7	-7.8	5.6
BMI (kg/m²)	0.4	3.9	0.001	0.5	1.6
Hypertension (yes/no)	0.02	0.2	0.8	-6.5	8.2
Smoking (yes/no)	0.04	0.3	0.7	-8.4	12.09
eGFR value (mL/min/1.73 m²)	- 0.2	- 1.6	0.1	-0.3	0.03
ACR (mg/g)	0.03	0.2	0.7	-0.007	0.01
Calcium (mg/dL)	0.13	1.2	0.2	-2.4	9.7
P (mg/dL)	0.1	0.9	0.3	-2.7	7.7

Dependent variable: serum glucose. DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio; P: Phosphate.

Table 4 Relation to serum glucose variables in our patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 29)

Variables in model	Beta	t	Sig.	Lower	Upper
Age (yr)	0.26	1.02	0.3	-1.06	3.1
Gender (male/female)	0.06	0.2	0.7	-30.5	39.8
BMI (kg/m²)	0.3	1.2	0.2	-1.6	6.5
Hypertension (yes/no)	-0.2	-1.3	0.19	-70.04	15.5
Smoking (yes/no)	0.33	1.4	0.15	-12.7	74.4
eGFR value (mL/min/1.73 m²)	- 0.06	-0.2	0.79	-1.1	0.86
ACR (mg/g)	0.4	2.2	0.03	0.003	0.09
Calcium (mg/dL)	0.2	1.1	0.2	-10.6	38.2
P (mg/dL)	-0.13	-0.6	0.5	-32.4	17.07

Dependent variable: serum glucose. DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio; P: Phosphate.

Citation: Raikou VD, Kyriaki D, Gavriil S. Importance of serum phosphate in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2020; 11(10): 416-424
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v11/i10/416.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.416