Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Isn’t it time to update the terminology?

Figure 1 Diagram showing the progression of obesity, i. e., a condition with body fat excess to adiposity-induced metabolic dysfunction associated disease, a chronic disease due to obesity. AMAD: Adiposity-induced metabolic dysfunction associated disease.

Figure 2 Diagram showing the importance of personal organ-specific fat threshold. When the “personal fat threshold” is crossed, fat gets accumulated in various organs. Initially, this visceral fat accumulation will be asymptomatic, but as more and more fat gets deposited, after a particular level (personal organ-specific fat threshold) it leads to organ dysfunction resulting in clinical disease.

Figure 3 Diagram showing the spectrum of disease coming under adiposity-induced metabolic dysfunction associated disease. AMAD: Adiposity-induced metabolic dysfunction associated disease; MAED: Metabolic dysfunction associated endocrine diseases; MACVD: Metabolic dysfunction associated cardiovascular diseases; MAGD: Metabolic dysfunction associated gastrointestinal diseases; MAHBD: Metabolic dysfunction associated hepatobiliary diseases; MAND: Metabolic dysfunction associated neurological diseases; MAGUD: Metabolic dysfunction associated genitourinary diseases; MACD: Metabolic dysfunction associated circulatory diseases; MARD: Metabolic dysfunction associated respiratory diseases; MAMSD: Metabolic dysfunction associated musculoskeletal diseases; MAID: Metabolic dysfunction associated immune diseases; MASD: Metabolic dysfunction associated sexual diseases/dysfunction; MAIgD: Metabolic dysfunction associated integumentary disease.

Figure 4 Flowchart illustrating the process for implementing the newly proposed terminology. MAHD: Metabolic dysfunction associated hyperglycemic disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.