Association between anemia and the risk of diabetic foot ulcer: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flowchart of database search and study inclusion. DFU: Diabetic foot ulcer; HGB: Hemoglobin.

Figure 2 Forest plots for the meta-analysis of the association between anemia and the risk of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. A: Overall meta-analysis; B: Subgroup analysis according to study design; C: Subgroup analysis according to the mean ages of the patients; D: Subgroup analysis according to the proportion of men of the included patients; E: Subgroup analysis according to the analytic models; F: Subgroup analysis according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores of the included studies. NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Figure 3 Forest plots for the meta-analysis of the secondary outcomes. A: Meta-analysis for the risk of diabetic foot ulcers per 1-g/dL decrease of hemoglobin; B: Meta-analysis comparing serum hemoglobin between diabetic patients with and without diabetic foot ulcer. DFU: Diabetic foot ulcer; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Figure 4 Funnel plots for estimating the potential publication biases underlying the meta-analyses. A: Funnel plots for the meta-analysis of the association between anemia and the risk of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes; B: Funnel plots for the meta-analysis comparing serum hemoglobin between diabetic patients with and without diabetic foot ulcers. MD: Mean difference; OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error.