Diabetes mellitus and glymphatic dysfunction: Roles for oxidative stress, mitochondria, circadian rhythm, artificial intelligence, and imaging

Figure 1 Diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders lead to multiple disorders including cognitive loss. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects critical pathways of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species release, circadian rhythm with clock genes, and mitochondrial function. New avenues of investigation offer promise to assess the onset and progression of DM that involve artificial intelligence with machine learning and innovative imaging of the glymphatic pathway. ROS: Reactive oxygen species.