COVID-19 infection and inactivated vaccination: Impacts on clinical and immunological profiles in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes

Figure 1 Titers of diabetes related antibodies among type 1 diabetes patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 infection/vaccination history. A: Difference in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers; B: Difference in tyrosine phosphatase antibody titers; C: Difference in autoantibodies against insulin titers. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. GADA: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; IA2A: Tyrosine phosphatase antibody; IAA: Autoantibodies against insulin. None: The non-infection/non-vaccination group [those with neither a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection nor a history of COVID-19 vaccination]; Vaccination only: The vaccination-only group (those without a history of COVID-19 infection but with a history of COVID-19 vaccination); Infection: The infection group (those with a history of COVID-19 infection).

Figure 2 Clinical profiles of DR3-positive and DR3-negative patients with and without the coronavirus disease 2019 infection history. A: The difference of onset age between DR3 positive and DR3 negative patients with and without the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection history; B: The difference of onset age and fasting C-peptide level between DR3 positive and DR3 negative patients with and without the COVID-19 infection history. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01.

Figure 3 Immune spectrum of type 1 diabetes patients with and without a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection/vaccination. A: Proportion of different lymphocyte types; B: Differences in IgG; C: Differences in IgA. None: The non-infection/non-vaccination group [those with neither a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection nor a history of COVID-19 vaccination]; Vaccination only: The vaccination-only group (those without a history of COVID-19 infection but with a history of COVID-19 vaccination); Infection: The infection group (those with a history of COVID-19 infection). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP< 0.01.